輕鬆學英語
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英文原來這樣說 (English is A Piece of Cake)
放眼全世界的英文檢定考試,不外乎都在著重聽力與寫作的題型,好像不得不去書店搶購一本世界偉人演講精選集或新聞英文名言語錄,在各大重要就職典禮或國家領導人所謹慎擬出的內容可屬珍貴,但老掛在嘴上可會變成掉書袋,原封不動就失去創意性了。學習從寫作表達句中提升用字和豐富結構,肯定會讓讀者更有耳目一新。從102和103年的學測指考題型就可以瞭解,專家學者對於英文教育程度提升有長足的進步和大幅度的修改,不但將國外常見生活用字放進考題中,更有國際型水準的圖表題型出籠,完全不輸世界留學語言測驗的英國雅思和美國托福,商業時事單字也提醒各位同學要觸類旁通時事議題。 生活小字典 各位同學在國外使用皮膚藥膏、保養品、各類食品產品上都會有清楚英文標示: --If you experience any irritations, please consult your doctor before use. irritate(v.)惹怒或引起不適→irritation(n.) 另外老師在補充幾種身體不舒服的相關語吧! (A) I have felt so itchy after using that herbal soap. 用了那個藥皂我全身發癢。 (B) The stuffy hot weather gave me the rashes all over my back. 這種悶熱的天氣讓我整個背都發紅疹。 (C) The sea wave made me really nauseous. 這海浪讓我非常想吐。 (D) That violent movie was so disturbing that I cringed at the corner of my chair. 我非常不喜歡這部電影,所以我整個瑟縮在椅子邊。 (E) My gums were terribly swollen and it gave me a restless night. 我的牙齦腫得很嚴重,整晚都睡不著。 (F) Jay is now having the heart-attack, please call an ambulance. 傑現在心臟病發,請叫救護車。(此為實例) EX.:Peanut butter will irritate my stomach.(花生醬引起胃部不適。) 前陣子房地產(real estate )議題炒很兇甚至還入題了,國際也吹起了回鄉勞工潮減低房租(rent)壓力,這與之前往都市發展而導致的人力外流(brain drain)現象形成對比。想必大家對於商業區(commercial areas)、都會區(metropolitan areas)、住宅區(residential areas)、工業區(industrial areas→industrious是指「勤勉努力的」=diligent請注意喔!)、郊區(in the suburbs=on the outskirts)、鄉村地帶( the rural areas=in the countryside)都很熟悉,也是翻譯題的最愛。政府與人民因理念不同或涉及利益衝突(conflict of interests)而對於都更案(Urban Renewal Project)有些歧見,引發社會各界的關注,就連即將啟動的桃園航空城計畫(Taoyuan Aerotropolis)也是影響台灣未來與國際接軌的重要工程也是經過許多的協調和開了無數場人民大會(convention)才如期進行(proceed as anticipated)。那就來練習大考的經典題目吧! 1.都會地區的高房價對社會產生的嚴重的衝擊。 The high house (housing) price in metropolitan areas has given rise to a severe impact. *扣分焦點: A.很多英文學習者都容易忘記主詞與動詞單複數型的一致性,翻譯中的"price"與"has"就是很容易因為areas寫成have了! B.其實在做正式簡報或商業書信使用:give rise to屬於學術型寫作,在第一時間表達會顯得冗長和不明確,建議大家可以使用: →A+ led(leads) to + B/ A + contributes(d) to + B / A + results(ed) in + B cause可以簡單得分,但如果是正式場合表達會顯得過於隨便。 2.政府正推出新的政策,以滿足人們的住房需求。 The government is now launching a news strategy so as to satisfy people's housing demand. 「打房」一詞的翻譯,視不同狀況下強調不同的意涵。 奢侈稅=luxury tax; 新加坡用 property tax 高房價=house/housing price hike/s 打房=制抑高房價=fight/ease/blast/cool housing price hike *扣分焦點: A.很多中高級程度的考生都會在時態上判斷過久而錯失考試寶貴時間,至少要留10分鐘來檢查翻譯寫作內容和15分鐘來確認前面填寫選擇是正確完整的。在華語師資課程中的經驗可以跟大家分享: →中文裡「了」、「已經」:就是代表已經完成動作指令,所以可以用『現在完成式』或『簡單過去式』就可以表達句意。 EX.:The new software was recently installed for use exclusively for school faculty. →中文裡「到……時候才」,代表是未來某時間才會達到完成指令,所以使用『未來完成式』。 EX.:Raymond will have worked in this company for ten years next June. →中文裡『前幾天』: few days ago= the other day(非未來語態) →中文裡『兩週一次』: every two weeks =fortnightly →中文裡『每年度』: every year =annually →中文裡『當時或到時候(過去未來皆適用)』: then( See you then.) B. launch (v.)原指火箭(skyrocket)要準備發射的預備動作,後來用在非常廣泛的狀況,另外物價飆漲也可以說(The cost of living is skyrocketing/soaring.)都非常重要喔!: & launch the new product介紹新品 & launch (stage) a demonstration發起示威 & launch a campaign開展宣傳活動 & launch a strategy推出策略 而政府的「實施政策」會用到【implement the policy】慎用單字。 那麼接下來Brian老師要帶領同學一起來動動筆,讓你從最簡單最生活化的句型瞬間提昇你的表達能力而不費吹灰之力喔! 《中翻英》學生答案:A;老師答案:B 1.下課後,我都直接去補習班。 A:After school, I usually go directly to the cram school. B:I always head to the cram after the school is dismissed. 解析: 『head』用的非常巧妙,從頭部轉品為「前進前往」,是否更加生動活潑了呢!而且學校下課或隊伍解散都可以用dismiss,若是人則是被「開除」了!而且偷偷分享小秘訣,盡量不要把句子分開寫,好好利用連接詞可以一氣呵成。 2.台灣高中目標為升學和美國高中差別甚大。 A: Taiwan high school aims at advanced education, which is totally different from American high school. B: The goal of Taiwan high school centered on studying further is different from that of American high school. 解析: →B句很明顯把台灣高中的「目標」和美國高中的「目標=THAT」作對比,可以運用在很多情況:如兩地天氣或兩物價錢等等。 3.威利沒想到自己竟然可以三天內學會開車。 A: Willy never thought that he could learn to drive within three days. B: Unexpectedly, Willy learned how to drive in three days. 解析: 大家下筆都會急著把會的單字通通逐字逐句翻出來,曾經讀過的經典片語都忘了用出來。許多漂亮的語氣轉折語都可以讓說話者語氣更清楚(Surprisingly,…./ Ironically,/ Amazingly,./Unbelievably,./ Unfortunately,);而這邊使用到學習某技巧的經典說法:learn how to + VR( play the piano/ski/ swim/ dive/ operate the machinery….)同學可要多注意;而時間表達介係詞也是大家沒搞清楚的重點:within+不確定的一段時間,而in+明確有限制的時間長度中。 4.你可以為我破例一次嗎? A: Can you break the rule for me once? B: Could you bend the rule for me this time? 解析: 聰明的同學肯定立刻分辨出Can與Could 的禮貌用法。可惜地,大家在口語上卻很常說I want this or Give me that,可是很粗鄙(vulgar)又失國際水準呢! I feel like +V-ing /N. /Np.= I would/love to VR.= I tend to我通常都…. VR. V.S. I intend to VR.我籌備著要…… 5.對西方人來說,與其花時間在背誦內容倒不如養成獨立思考和快速吸收大量資料的能力。 A: To westerners, it's better to develop the independent thinking and quickly acquire the ability of absorbing a large amount of information. B: To westerns, they would rather spend more time cultivating the critical thinking as well as the approaches to absorbing the considerable amount of information. 解析: 其實本句在於如何重組結構,不僅好讀也很好念。這裡老師分享一個心得,如果一個很拗口或難以表達情感的句子,通常都需要重新修改和替換用字的!同學看到句子寫下翻譯,卻沒注意到對象"Westerners"和中文句中沒有的"They"來敘述說明對象,而且其實對於國外的朋友來說所謂的「獨立性思考」事實上就是「批判性思考」,甚至還是國外必修課之一呢!這就是文化差異要注意的部份了!【養成】使用Develop確實合適,但用起Cultivate就會更有層次,因為就是從Culture(文化)來的!而多半對於數量詞概念很薄弱的台灣學子對於大量時間只會想到" a lot of ",其實英文文章都很常使用" consider amount of"等等做表達為佳句連結。這裡的能力也可以用「方法」會更貼切,"Approach"其實是從字根proach捕捉而來,所以學習的能力或方法技巧都可以使用該字,要形容一個人能夠讓大家都主動接近和吸引認識就是很有親和力的『Approachable』,當然心胸寬大的『Accommodating』朋友也是很值得我們珍惜。 『本專刊內容由王軒老師提供,並與本社編輯部共同策畫製作』
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In Praise of Kinmen's Architecture
I come from a neighborhood in America with identical concrete streets and similar-looking-houses on similarly-sectioned, similarly-manicured lots. In the 1960s, Malvina Reynolds wrote Little Boxes, a song about the suburban developments occurring a ten-minute drive away from my house: "...Little boxes on the hillside, little boxes all the same." Until I had access to a public transit pass, my world was just these identical homes and the nearby mall. In the same way that the 'modern' uniformity of the suburbs comforted new residents, the mall seems to be a universal comfort. This might be because of the perceived familiarity of it all--brands we know, products we know, under florescent lights and tiled floors, behind glass doors. Perhaps the gratification of a mall is that it is simultaneously 'modern' consumer culture, as well as devoid of culture. One doesn't get the sense that there's a story behind the number of stairs, or the placement of tiles, or the colors in these structures. It is 'simply a mall,' or it's 'simply a house." I love my neighborhood, but as a child, I couldn't help but feel an inexplicable sterility to these boxes upon boxes. Arriving in Kinmen was a welcome change for me: pastoral, distinct, and filled with symbolism in its architecture. The first time I entered a traditional Kinmen home, I was in awe. The grand wooden doors opened to reveal a beautiful courtyard with well-manicured potted plants lining the red brick walls. The amount of craftsmanship that went into the extensive, individualized tiles and varying patterns in brickwork, as well as the delicately curved roofs, reminded me of the ornate details of religious buildings. Upon entering the fragrant bedrooms, I was reminded of my childhood desire to live in a tree house--the loft beds required a ladder to climb up, where it smelled even more like cedar wood. I couldn't believe that people live in such beautiful homes. Meanwhile, as I walked around, my friend explained the details. "This is the gong tile. See how it looks like the character for 'work'?" "And this is the ren tile. See how it looks like 'person'?" "These windows indicate that its the home of a wealthy person. See the number of slits in the window?" "And this is a swallowtail roof, that's a saddleback roof, and that's how you can tell the difference between temples and homes." The floors suddenly seemed more than red geometric tiles, and the walls and roofs were beyond beautiful parts of the structure. Everything seemed to have meaning. After living in Kinmen, I can no longer see a house as simply a house, but as a beacon where messages of family, religion, hopes, natural emblems, and history seem to shout through the tiles.
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Independence Day
Summer is around the corner, which means Independence Day is on its way in the United States. The holiday marks America's separation from Great Britain. From 1775 to 1783, 13 British colonies in North America fought a war of independence to establish a new nation: the United States of America. Independence Day is also known as "The Fourth of July" since it occurs on July 4th. On July 4, 1776, the colonies announced their separation from Great Britain. The federal holiday commemorates the sacrifices of our Founding Fathers in order to establish what we now recognize as the United States of America. It is a day filled with impressive fireworks, lively parades, public readings of the Declaration of Independence, concerts, picnics, and family gatherings. Some communities hold fairs for families to attend and celebrate together. Many households proudly display the American flag outside their front door. For most Americans, this holiday provides an opportunity to celebrate the foundations of American nationalism as well as enjoy the company of friends and family. Americans look forward to this special day with its showcases of national pride, feasting, and outdoor activities. My family has many Independence Day traditions. Every year on Independence Day, we wake up early to bake, cook, and barbecue. We spend the entire morning cooking some of our favorite meals. After participating in the culinary traditions of the holiday, all seven of us hit the road and heads towards the Mall of Georgia. During Independence Day, this mall hosts a number of spectacular events. For example, the mall is known for its Independence Day fireworks, concerts, and festival for kids. It is a great family-oriented way to celebrate the holiday especially for a family as big as mine. After watching the fireworks, we return home exhausted and curl up on the couch with a rented movie. Independence Day is celebrated in numerous ways, but celebrations generally occur outdoors. These outdoor celebrations make the 4th of July the perfect holiday to venture outside and witness the attractions. As a nationally celebrated holiday, Independence Day offers Americans an opportunity to celebrate the birth of our nation. The public parading of national pride, outdoor celebrations, and fireworks are a magnificent sight to behold. The day allows people to reflect on what the Founding Fathers did in order to establish the nation. The diverse nature of Independence Day celebrations reflects the diversity of our nation as well as the creativity of its people .
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Mother's Day at Jinning
Throughout the year, I have grown accustomed to celebrating holidays away from my family and with a Taiwanese flare. Little did I know, I would experience this Mother's Day from the vantage point of a teacher and access my own motherly side. While I showered my own mother with daughterly love, Mother's Day this year assumed a new form. I moved through the week with heart-warming awe at my students' talents-their artwork in Mother's Day lessons and their enthusiasm at our school's Mother's Day food and culture festival. Morning classes flew by with ease and excitement not only because it was Friday, but also because it was the morning of the school festival that would kick off Mother's Day weekend. Students pretended not to watch the soft serve ice cream announce its presence on campus, and parents showed up to set up food booths. Instead of burrowing into my cubicle and planning the classes for the next week, I spent my morning channeling my own excitement into constructing an ice cream sandwich sign for my booth. Anticipating a treat-filled afternoon, I ate a light lunch and moseyed over to the gym for the kickoff ceremony. Fifth grader emcees carried the event along, first welcoming the principal on stage followed by performances by each grade. The students must have been going for a broad theme of maternal appreciation, for the acts showcased baby Aladdin characters, leopard cowboys, dancing basketball stars, and fierce traditional drummers. Smartphones and iPads generously surrendered an hour of memory to capture every ounce of student devotion to maternal love. The party migrated outside where lines of parents and students slithered throughout the halls ready to devour overwhelming wafts of fried goodness. Students represented their homeroom classes from behind a variety of booths ranging from waffles and ice cream, to ball tossing games, to trinket shops, to soda floats. My station was positioned at the end of the main corridor and became a popular place for hungry and adventurous middle school students. After my "All American Ice Cream Cookie Sandwiches" sold out, I made sure to shop at all booths. I'm glad I was able to spend this Mother's Day in a space where I could glean a sense of what it feels like to be a motherly figure by seeing my young pupils shine. Moreover, I saw how my students are capable of magic when they feel connected to the meaning behind school activities.
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Goodbye,Kinmen
Before coming to Kinmen in August, I had never heard of the place. One of my history professors remembered reading about it in the 1950s or 1960s due to China shelling the island, but he couldn't exactly remember many specifics. The internet did not help much, but I got a sense of what to expect on Kinmen. However, after arriving in August, all of my assumptions were shattered. I did not see any red warning signs noting minefields were somewhere nearby. It was not a war-torn military island-it was beautiful with finely kempt foliage lining the roads. I thought that I'd be very bored after spending a few months here because it's such a small island. I figured that I'd knock out all of the attractions and places to visit rather quickly. Once again, my expectations were wrong. I now realize that I do not have enough time left on Kinmen to do everything that I want to-find more wind lions, explore off-the-beaten-path beaches, visit more tunnels, and do some more hiking on Taiwu. Both Big and Little Kinmen are full of so many hidden treasures that it saddens me that not many people know what they have to offer to tourists. The museums and tunnels tell of a time that few people know about after the Chinese Civil War. The restaurants and food stands have delicious foods (fried oysters, shaved ice, taro, jian bing) and drink (kaoliang) that I will probably never have the pleasure of tasting after I leave Kinmen. One of my biggest fears about living so far away from home was being away from family and friends in America. I've never been away from home for so long, and I thought that it would take its toll on me. At times, homesickness struck, but for the most part, the new friends and "family" that I have made on Kinmen have helped me to enjoy my stay. I have made friends that I will keep for many, many years to come, and I am now a part of a family that I never expected to become a member of. The teachers, administrators, and students at 上岐 Elementary School welcomed me with open arms and took me in as one of their own immediately. They look out for me and still make sure that I am enjoying myself. On Monday nights, we have a small game night/conversation hour where we teach each other traditional games or discuss differences between the U.S. and Taiwan. Leaving these people will be one of the hardest parts as I begin the next chapter of my life. I've enjoyed my time on Kinmen so much that I applied for a scholarship to study in Taipei, which I received a few weeks ago. The goodbyes won't be so hard since I'll only be a plane ride away. Goodbye, Kinmen-for now.
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Trash Talk: Sense of Community; Collective Responsibility
To put it bluntly: I am lazy. Trash is unpleasant. It's unsurprising that the Taiwanese garbage system initially felt inconvenient and unpleasantto me. In America, I was accustomed to stuffing trash in bins, leaving them alone in front of my house, and trusting that the garbage worker would collect them. But when I considered the piles of litter on corners in my hometown, or the numerous tumbleweed-like shopping bags that floated on streets, I realized the beautiful social design of the Taiwanese trash collection system. In the American trash cycle, it is perhaps buy item, enjoy item, throw remnants of the item and its packaging away. You never think about it again as it treks to the landfill. In Taiwan, throwing away the trash is a literal exercise as well as an exercise in restraint, in consumer habits, in efficiency, and in social responsibility. On several occasions, I have announced that "I really need to stop buying things." This was because of how heavy each trash bag was and how sorting the trash made me aware of how many types of materials went into the packaging of every purchase. It was also because of how I felt much worse about the waste of the item than I felt good about the item I had purchased. By requiring citizens to literally hand the trash to the sanitary workers, it establishes a sense of community: not just toward getting to know your neighborhood garbage man or woman, but also your neighbors. Together, we wait while the garbage truck approaches, exchange glances, and often a smile. I can't imagine other occasions which invite small talk so naturally. In contrast, in my part of the American suburbs, I rarely had instances to talk to my neighbors. I can't even say I know their names. In handing trash to the sanitary worker, I am forced to confront the lifecycle of a product that became trash. We must sort them by plastics, papers, cans, and glassesto keep them pure with similar objects, so they can have another life and another use. The sanitary worker might shake their head when things are sorted improperly. They might even refuse to accept it. In some vaguely spiritual level, I appreciate this denial, as it gives respect to items as low as trash in that we must treat them mindfully. If we have done every step correctly in our trash sortingprocess, then the trash truck's mouth clamps down. In the vein of mindfulness, perhaps we can learn the most about ourselves in the way we treat the most unpleasant things. Even trash can provide a lesson. 『本專刊由<金門日報>編輯部與學術交流基金會(傅爾布萊特交換計畫/Fulbright Taiwan)共同策畫製作』
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In Praise of Taiwan's Transportation
During Chinese New Year, I had a rare and enjoyable opportunity to travel part of Taiwan with my parents. We spent time in Taipei, Nantou, and Kaohsiung. Taiwan has an abundance of trees and foliage that are gloriously wild, and the rivers and lakes are very clean and fresh. The people we met were friendly, helpful, and patient. But besides the people and natural beauty, the transportation system impressed me.Taiwan's well-organized transportation system, from the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), to the High Speed Rail (HSR), to the buses, allowed us to visit so many places over a short period of time. Without all of that, we may never have left Taipei. I have always known that Taiwan is a technologically advanced country. But I never realized what a big difference combining technology with transportation could make in daily life. My family lives near San Francisco, California.San Francisco is a well-known city with many great sights, including Golden Gate Park, Alcatraz, and the Golden Gate Bridge. But getting around is not always easy. San Francisco does not have an MRT like Taipei or Kaohsiung. It does not have a subway or underground system besides the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), which travels to Berkeley, a city located across the bay. BART can be used to get in and out of San Francisco but is not helpful for getting around inside the city. Also, BART has a reputation for being dirtyand inefficient since it only runs a few times each day. Even the bus system in Taiwan, specifically inKinmen, is better than San Francisco's.There are many city buses in California, but I think the bus system in Kinmenis more prompt.San Francisco buses run on electricity or natural gas, which are better for the environment than diesel fuel, but the buses are not completely reliable.With San Francisco's many steep hills, it is easier to take a bus than to drive a car or motorcycle. Driving a car can be a problem not only because of challenging urban driving situations but also because of the lack of parking. San Francisco is one of my favorite cities in the world because of its architectural beauty and colorful history. However, it is definitely more difficult to navigate thanmany Taiwanese cities. California hopes to fix this problem. The government has approved ahigh-speed rail that will go from San Francisco to Los Angeles. Unfortunately, the trainis not scheduled to be completed until sometime between 2020 and 2030. It will take a long time and a lot of urban planning for my native city to be as efficient with transportation as similar cities in Taiwan. I hope that our engineers use Taiwan as an example because Taiwan's speed, competence, consistency, and customer service have made traveling here quite a treat. 『本專刊由<金門日報>編輯部與學術交流基金會(傅爾布萊特交換計畫/Fulbright Taiwan)共同策畫製作』
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The Purdy's Do Little Kinmen
In late March, my parents, David and Lynn, travelled to Kinmen to see what I had been up to for the past eight months. In order to give them a more authentic picture of my daily life, I brought them to my school, Xi Kou (西口國小), and had them act as "Foreign English Teachers" for the day. After their visit to Taiwan, I interviewed them about their day at school. Before arriving in Kinmen, how did you imagine the island? Were you concerned about not speaking the language? David: I thought the island would be much smaller and flatter with military installations everywhere. I didn't expect the natural beauty of the islands and was impressed with the nicely landscaped roads, renovated villages, and new houses For months prior to the trip, I listened to Mandarin Chinese CDs in the car and memorized phrases such as, "Do you speak English?" and "I don't understand Chinese." Upon arrival at the hotel in Jincheng, I tried these lines and was met with blank stares. I then switched to English and they understood me. Were you nervous about spending a day as a "foreign teacher" in an elementary school? David: Surprisingly, yes! I do a lot of public speaking for my job, but I did feel anxious about getting up in front of classroom full of children. Maybe I was worried about doing something that would embarrass my daughter! The students were so friendly and charming that I quickly got over the initial nervousness. What were some of the most interesting questions the students asked you? David: I fully expected to have questions about my height (193 cm), so I wasn't surprised when a student asked, "How did you get so tall?" Another student asked why my nose was so big; I didn't know how to answer that one! Someone asked how old I was, and when I answered "59," he exclaimed - in English - "Oh my God!!" The most surprising question came from a third grader who asked if I thought the United States and Russia were entering a new cold war period, given the events unfolding in Crimea. What knowledge of current events! Did you learn anything new about Taiwanese culture or customs? David: I was really struck by the genuine respect shown by the pupils for their teachers. Seeing the children bow to my daughter at the end of class and say "Thank you Teacher Catherine" is something I will never forget. They even said "Thank you Teacher Catherine's Father and Thank you Teacher Catherine's Mother"! Any other thoughts you would like to share about your time spent in Kinmen? Lynn:The opportunity to be a "foreign teacher" for a day at Xi Kou is one of the best travel experiences I have ever had. I will never forget how welcoming everyone was and even though we speak different languages, I [felt] right at home.
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Tea Time
My Sunday routine back in college could not be considered exciting; my day usually consisted of long stretches in the library and making lists about the endless tasks needing completion. Much of the day was focused on the future-I rarely took any time to slow down and be appreciative of the moment. Thanks to a tea class, now my Sundays in Kinmen look a little bit different. They are not wholly focused on preparation and anticipation; rather, they provide time for reflection and enjoyment. Along with two other ETAs, I spend two hours every Sunday drinking tea in a beautiful traditional house in Shuitou. I initially hesitated about signing up; how could I spend two hours every Sunday just drinking tea when I need to prepare my lesson plans? My addiction to tea quickly eclipsed any doubts. I am glad it did. I was wrong because we do not just drink tea-we learn about different kinds of tea, their properties, and the ceremony and sequence of sharing tea with guests. My tea classes have also been an extremely needed lesson in mindfulness. Our tea instructor plays traditional classical music in the background, and if you listen closely, you can hear the sound of the instruments alongside the bubbling of the water boiling in the teapot. Before each round of tea, you are invited to smell it before tasting. The sights around you are beautiful and soothing: artwork adorning the walls of the traditional room, and various tea instruments arranged symmetrically around the table. In these moments, I feel very aware of my surroundings. I think this kind of awareness has been helping me to centralize my thoughts and priorities-there is a time and place for everything. Today, we are inundated by distractions on the internet, especially when I am far from home and many of my friends and family live on the other side of a computer screen. However, I have realized that in order to get the deepest experience out of all of the things that I need to do, I need to focus on just one thing at a time! This means no cleaning my room while skyping my mom, and no reading the news while planning lessons for school. Instead of spreading myself thin over many activities at once, believe it or not, tea has taught me to focus my energy into one activity at a time. Furthermore, spending two hours drinking tea is not a waste of time-because the clarity and peace of mind that it gives me makes me more focused when I sit down later in the evening to write my lesson plans for the week. There is a time and place for relaxation, too!
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英文原來這樣說 (English is A Piece of Cake)
「老闆說我用這個單字是很不禮貌?」、「英文面試我只要把背好的內容流利背出就好?」、「英文怎會老是有這些弦外之音?」、「新背的單字念法和意思都會混淆」、「我光商務報查英文就查飽了,哪有時間讀懂啦!」,以上這些都是同學你可能碰到的困擾,今天老師特別介紹「英文求職面試陷阱」和「令人常挫折的混淆字」給大家,不僅僅可以省下許多時間和金錢買書,也可以讓自己立刻運用到職場上的關鍵時刻喔!口說的表達看似簡單,但往往離開校園環境許久,舌頭可就不靈光了,若要談到本能性地回答英文問題,可能又是另一個挑戰。所以同學千萬不要因為身邊的英文讀物或是從前的課本太過簡單而小看,因為國人的閱讀和口說能力可以說是差距懸殊,英文能力展現第一印象還是口說能力決勝負!那就來一起活用英文動動嘴部肌肉,我們一起來看看:職場英文冒險記。 *發音總是絆腳石?準備好幾週的投影片簡介和日夜盤旋的演講內容卻毀在自己「有說沒人懂」又辭不達意嗎?問題在哪呢? 英文發音「r」和「l」大不同,前者需將舌頭往上後方壓,而發出緊縮捲舌音;後者僅需將舌尖置於第一排牙後頂住,並迅速往下方滑動接續下個發音聲符。那麼我們就來念念以下幾組單字: A. pressure(n.)壓力=stress ( I am stressed out!我完全精疲力盡了) EX.:Considering the shortage of the budget, we all need to work under great pressure and accomplish the work within the time constraint. (考慮到預算短缺,我們全體都要共體時艱,在高壓和時限內完成這件工作。) B. pleasure(n.)榮幸=honor★ privilege(n.)特權,the under-privileged弱勢族群 EX.:I've heard a lot about you, Mr. Joseph. It's my pleasure to meet you. Hope you'll enjoy the stay in Taiwan. (久仰大名,約瑟夫先生。認識您是我的榮幸,希望您在台期間一切順心。) A. arrogant(a.)自大的=stuck-up=self-centered=egoistic=complacent EX.:Arrogance will do you no good and let those opportunities walk away from you. Stay humble, it will give you room for advancement to excellence. (自負對你沒好處,還失去了許多機會。謙虛點會讓你有機會進步並走向卓越。)劇情可參考莫札特電影阿瑪提斯(Amadeus) B. elegant(a.)優雅的=graceful(Swan's song遺作) EX.:Accompanied with the flawless performance, the movements of the ballet dancers were so elegant that they won the standing ovation as well as the curtain call for almost an hour. (芭蕾舞者優雅舉止和完美的表演贏得滿堂彩,並讓謝幕長達一小時之久。) A. grocery(n.)生活雜貨(含食品food飲品beverages清潔劑detergents等等) EX.:Ah! We are running out of milk and please get me some bottles on your way to go groceries shopping at Walmart. (啊!我們牛奶都喝完了,請你去沃瑪賣場買生活必需品時順道買些吧!) B. glory(n.)光榮★ disgrace(n.)(v.)=shame羞恥(Her cheating on the test was a disgrace to her school.他考試作弊真是令學校蒙羞) EX.:Winning this tennis tournament is indeed a glory for both the athlete's family and his school. *別忘了athlete's food香港腳喔!哈哈! (贏了這場網球巡迴賽確實為自己家人和學校帶來榮耀。) ◆特別道地英文加料版!<尾音L也請努力念出喔!> A. bail(n.)保釋金(v.)保釋某人;臨時放棄或未能履約 *bait釣餌*→ bail me out!請把我保釋出去吧! EX.:To my disbelief, John and Sally bailed on me two days before our trip. I swore I would never speak to them ever again unless they come to knees and beg for my forgiveness. (我完全不敢相信,約翰和莎莉同時在旅遊前兩天臨陣脫逃,我發誓絕對不會再跟她們說話,除非他們跪下求我原諒。) B. belt(n.); conveyor belt食物傳輸帶→carousel行李轉盤(機場) ▲tighten one's belt緊縮荷包過活 EX.:Attention, passengers. This is your captain speaking. We are experiencing some turbulence and please remain seated with your seatbelt fastened. And make sure you have folded the tray tables as well as up-righted your seats. (各位乘客請注意,這是本班機長廣播。我們即將通過亂流,請留在座位上並且繫好安全帶;也請確認是否將用餐桌收好和豎直椅背。) *驚心動魄職場英文面試篇: 以上讓同學快速的了解以前可能忽略的發音和重要表達句型。本專欄力求實用和處理生活場景應對,讓同學在學習上不分年齡層和英文實力強弱,都可以輕鬆學習和方便蒐集時事英文,老師的用心也可見一斑!那接下來哪些職場英文面試會讓同學嚇出一身冷汗呢?一起來找碴吧! 1. Where would you finally work? 字面上看起來是:你最後會去哪裡工作呢? 其實意思就是:你對本公司是否有十足的熱忱和準備呢?還是帶著騎驢找馬的心態來參加這次的工作面試?所以到底要怎麼回答呢? 劣:Actually, I've sent a great number of applications to great companies in this industry. After the results coming out, I would decide which one I should work for. (事實上我寄了很多履歷申請表到許多優秀的公司。結果揭曉後,我才會決定要去哪家公司。)→這樣的回答非常不誠懇而且不尊重該面試公司! 優:To be frank, I've got some job offers from other companies but I will definitely work for your company for its excellence and stability which meet my expectations. (坦白說,我目前已經獲得其他公司的工作機會,但因為貴公司的傑出和穩定性完全符合我的期望,所以將來也會替貴公司效力。) 小提點:把自己已獲得其他工作機會的優勢在面談中表達出來 2. In the past work experience and school life, have you messed up anything? 你在以前的工作經驗和學校生活,是否有搞砸任何事情呢? 這個題目當然是要藉由以前的事件來了解面試者有無反省能力和謙卑學習的精神,在以充滿邏輯性的言論來說服面試官。可以說是非常重視動詞時態和事件排序的陷阱重重提問 劣:Not much. But during my college, I was always the person who undertook all the assignments because I couldn't take too much criticism and had the zero tolerance policy for any procrastination and excuses. (其實這方面經驗不多,但在大學期間我都獨自承擔許多作業,因為不想聽到太多歧見和遲交等等的藉口。) →往往得意忘形就會暴露出自己其實缺乏團隊精神而且無法接受不同聲音,即使有漂亮學經歷,公司還是會擔心你可能是問題人物(troublemaker)! 優:I consider myself a team player who cherishes valuable opinions from our participants and gradually developed my delegation skill in different projects. Sometimes our co-workers might think I've put too much emphasis on the details rather than the big picture, from which I also benefited a lot and processed one thing from various angles. A team with the same goal can be glued together and work all-out efforts and I could be an estate in the group no matter what role I would play. (我本身熱愛團隊合作,也非常珍惜在討論中不同寶貴的意見,也逐漸培養我在不同計畫中分配任務的經驗。同事有時候認為我太拘泥小細節而沒有全盤考量,從此我也學到要從不同角度來衡量一件事情。一個有共同目標的團隊可以緊密結合並且發揮最大的努力,而我不管在團隊裡扮演任何角色都是相當不可或缺的人物!)*這是老師精心分享的內容,就請同學背起來吧!!!!!!!!! 3. Why did you leave the previous company? 為什麼離開前一個任職公司呢? 通常很多人抓到這個機會大大貶抑前公司的不是,並且說明自己有多努力但就是沒有被器重,甚至還把前公司的黑幕都挖挖出來。看看下面兩位面試者的表現吧! 劣:Speaking of my previous company, I always worked overtime and got under-paid and to my great disappointment our out-of-touch supervisor was totally indifferent and harsh on exploiting each employee there. No matter how hard you work, they never gave you a raise and deliberately fabricated the reasons so as to make deduction to your salary..............(說到我的前公司,我老是加班卻又低薪收場,讓我最失望地就是完全天高皇帝遠的上司無情的剝削我們每一個員工。不管你多麼努力工作,永遠沒有加薪的機會,反而還會被老闆找一堆理由來扣薪水。) →翻舊帳是職場的大忌(big no-no),這麼憤世忌俗(cynical)是無法成氣候,做人格局還是要大點! 優:I really appreciate those resources and experience from my previous company. And it's time for me to move up to the greater challenges and seek more tasks domestically and even internationally. (我非常感激在前公司獲取的資源和經驗。對我來說是時候可以往規模更大的企業發展和擔任具有挑戰性的任務,可以更投入未來國內和海外事務。) 4.面試相關語精彩整理: A. Have I found my destination here? 我被錄取了嗎? B. How do you expect your compensation?期待的薪資為多少呢? C. Are you a conscientious employee?你是個有操守的員工嗎? D. Do you have anything else to add in this interview?你還有其他要補充的嗎? E. What does this position entail?你知道這份工作的內容嗎? F. Why should we consider you over the rest of candidates?為什麼要錄取妳?(妳能勝出其他候選者的原因是?) G. How much do you about our firm? How have you been preparing for this interview?你對本公司了解多少?你這陣子都怎麼準備這場面試呢? H. What are your strengths and shortcomings?請試說自己的優缺點 5.近十年的人力市場調查,有些人在面試間發生的荒謬行徑讓自己的工作也飛了。那我們來看看吧! 1.Candidate told the interviewer he was fired for beating up his last boss. 應徵者告訴面試官上次解雇的原因是揍了那位雇主。 2. An applicant said she was a "people person" not a "numbers person" -- in her interview for an accounting position. 這位申請說自己是跟"人"工作而不是跟"數字"工作→但她所申請的是會計師的職位! 3.During a phone interview the candidate flushed the toilet while talking to hiring manager. 在一次電話面談當中,這位應試者竟然邊沖馬桶邊回答這位經理。 4.The applicant took out a hair brush and brushed her hair. 面試者拿出一把梳子開始梳頭髮。 5.Candidate answered cell phone and asked the interviewer to leave her own office because it was a "private" conversation. 面試者在現場接了電話並且請面試官離開,因為這是「私人內容」。 『本專刊內容由王軒老師提供,並與本社編輯部共同策畫製作』
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英文原來這樣說 (English is A Piece of Cake)
化妝台上閃著金黃髮絲的芭比娃娃被女孩們精心梳整,並且希望自己長大後可以如此的高雅和幸福,可以像灰姑娘中的女孩被高貴的王子當作一生的伴侶;看完美國電影<變形金剛>中的大黃蜂,想要創造機械帝國的男孩想前進世界機密單位,研發世界無敵武器來拯救世界、維護和平。以上看似合理不過的敘述情節,可是會被你的西方朋友嚴重譴責的,因為已經不自覺地犯了性別歧視(Sexism/ Sexual Discrimination)的罪條。有回溫哥華的朋友告知我:「喂? Brian妳知道蘇珊娜,就是在課堂上老是像妙麗一樣愛搶答的美國女孩,最後當了大使館(embassy)的保全。」哇!真是勇敢的決定,但女生跑去當保全未免有點太危險,而且遇到抗議團體或失控群眾很可怕,工時肯定也很長……話都還沒說完就被對方打斷,並且問我是不是在歧視女性,因為在國外不管是性別、職業、年紀、國籍,都不能成為工作面試或適任與否的標準。台灣的男護士越來越多,也是因為很多勞動和安全考量下廣設名額,但這在西方國家早就習以為常了,且得到的尊重和專業肯定是一樣的! 「那老師我們跟外國朋友說話都要很小心翼翼,壓力好大喔! 」其實也不用這麼想,敞開心胸去了解發言者的文化背景和立場後,以後在面對不同議題和狀況都可以有比較同理心去理解對方了!不管是充滿爭議性的「Diverse Family Formations」(多元成家方案)、「Surrogate Mother」(代理孕母)或是長年討論腦死或已經臥病受苦的病患是否能合法安樂死「Euthanasia」,都反映出我們的社會正在為人權和社會變遷中面臨的狀況來做應變和調整,在完善的措施因應出爐前,我們可以用更廣闊的胸襟和同理的態度來一起增進人民的福祉。面對不同的聲音和意見,應該用更多的智慧和愛來照顧更多的生命,不是嗎? 那麼同學知道我們台灣人有哪些習慣和歐洲美加朋友不同的嗎?在加拿大的時候,老師的朋友怎老像水鬼出現在宿舍門口呢?讓我們來看下去喔! 1.吹風機:(hairdryer)旅遊背包五星級單字 可說是老師到世界各地必備用品,千萬不要小家子氣買個迷你版,就算你有變電器(adaptor)都會瞬間爆炸,既然是長途旅行就別讓自己有染上風寒的危險!很多時間還要先搶先贏,到不丹的時候,一家可以容納300人的旅館竟然只有兩隻吹風機,理由很簡單:他們不吹頭!這在加拿大也是很家常便飯,主修聲樂的Maggie就算咳到肺都要掉出來,還是可以跑到學生餐廳(cafeteria)大口大口的吞下冰水,頭髮濕答答就到處亂跑串門子,在台灣這是很難置信!而且去藥局買成藥(over-the-counter medicine)很常見,畢竟健保(general health insurance)不普遍都會先去找家庭醫師(family doctor)諮詢。最近在美國也有感人的新聞,餐廳老闆發現自己的員工長了腦瘤(brain tumor)後,很心疼對方受苦也沒有妥善的醫療照顧,毅然決然賣掉店面來籌醫藥費給她治療,這偉大的舉動感動許多人。 2.冰水:Iced Water非常衝擊的生活單字篇 要提到武術奇才李小龍最愛的飲料:WATER,相信各位聰穎的讀者都知道夏天來杯冷飲非常透心涼,但走進飲料小鋪店員問你:「Iced or Cold Water?」千萬不要嚇到掉下巴,前者是加了冰塊的水,後者就是冰涼的水而已!但在韓國或歐洲國家旅遊過的朋友很清楚,店家都不會主動提供溫熱水,而是要顧客自己拿杯子去旁邊的飲水機裝;然而,加拿大華人人口多要從店家要到熱水非難事,但在歐美通常只能拿到bottled water,乾脆點道湯品暖暖凍僵的身體,抑或是步入充滿典雅芳香的餐廳點杯熱茶,這也是很美好的休息時間。旅行可是讓自己的身心靈放鬆的絕佳時刻,可別被過多的景點給搶戲了! &補充:tap water自來水(需收費); still water蒸餾水;bottled water寶特瓶水 boiled water 煮沸開水;sparking water氣泡水(很妙的口感); mouthwash漱口水【You have bad breath.你有口臭】 3. Meals:三餐內容,出國前請先練好廚藝! 嫁去澳洲的美美整天在臉書就怨言不斷,婆婆不喜歡她煮清粥小菜,一定要有蛋有培根和全麥麵包,為了身體健康也要適當的蔬果量,但冰冰冷冷的沙拉吃久了也會令人發抖!在國外除非妳親下廚,不然要喝點家常清湯都很難,一般餐廳一晚蛤蜊濃湯(clam chowder)都至少要六十塊起跳;生病的時候,華人大多都喜歡喝點清湯和清粥來體內環保,或是減少身體器官的負擔。西方朋友在我重感冒的時候,開始煮泡麵灑調味包(國外販賣的泡麵因為進出口限制少有肉塊在包裝物內),並強調這非常營養,一邊又叫我吃生的胡蘿蔔和芹菜棒!(這是哪招?)但如果各位同學不小心在國外感冒了,祛寒又護胃的國外熱飲就是:Apple cider with Cinnamon Stick(熱蘋果汁加肉桂條),溫熱的水果茶味配上咖啡常搭配的肉桂氣息,真的體力就恢復一大半了喔!。當然囉!「夜市」也是台灣一大特色,歐美國家商店營業時間大多六點就打烊完畢了,只能自己找三五好友聚聚會或是carpool一起到夜店跳跳舞,但沒想到竟然晚上十二點就關了!(台灣最晚到五點多)相形之下,平時真的就要備糧好,要是冰天雪地中連計程車都不開,正逢聖誕假期學校也停止提供餐點,五臟六腑就要鬧空城計了! 4. take a nap during lunch break:午休時間 歐美國家沒有所謂的留校加強課程或是送小孩往補習班跑的習慣,也因為課程時間短沒有強制學生要在課堂中休息,這沿襲日本佔領時期教育政策:午休。大多家長和學子都非常的認同也習以為常,但如果你在韓國的學校就讀,到了中午你自動趴下睡覺,老師反而會斥責你不出去活動或詢問是否生病了;場景換到公司,這種午休的狀況也是非常普遍的,但在歐美國家甚至香港都很少見到,可能會被視為偷懶或是前天夜生活太瘋狂所致。瑞士神經科學及兒童教育學者對此現象探討:人腦經過動眼期後需要約半小時來進入完全熟睡,而醒來也需要將近一個小時來讓大腦進行正常的知識吸收和運作。顯然地,午休時間短短30~40分鐘(各校規定有所差異)其實無法給學子有效率的休眠,甚至還有家長會團體希望廢除早自習讓孩子能多睡點。有時候看著孩子拖著比自己體型都還大的行李箱上課,也是挺不忍心的!但可貴地,台灣人平均國中畢業後能夠書寫相當大的單字量,還能閱讀報章並理解報導內容,義務教育時間拉長後文盲的比率下降許多。或許你覺得能寫字不是天經地義嗎?但在美國許多州,很多國中畢業的孩子甚至無法拼出基本的生活單字或寫出自己的名字呢!不見得都是『國外的月亮比較圓』(The grass on the other side of the fence is always greener.)。 5. Attitude& Compromise:處事態度與妥協 「為什麼你昨天放我鴿子?」「恩……對不起!」外國友人很常聽到台灣人對於衝突產生的時候,都會選擇先道歉!因為在國外SORRY代表你承認錯誤(admit making the mistake)而且問題都在自己身上(take all the blame),如果在法庭上根本不用辯護律師,這個單字代表你已經認了所有不利指控(all accusations against you)!其實與某個人對質(confront someone)就是去解決(deal with)問題和根除(root out)這個問題,而不是去一味指責對方(lash out on someone)或是讓對方當代罪羔羊(scapegoat)。往往「正視問題和避免衝突」在以和為貴的華人世界來說很難達到平衡,但外國朋友覺得就要TRUTH(真相)和DIRECTNESS(直接明瞭),反而會嚇壞很多朋友,認為自己好像犯了大錯!其實我們會不經意(inadvertently)地示弱(feel inferior to),但堅守立場(stick to one's principle)是很重要的,就算錯也可以把自己的反省向對方坦白,不要重蹈覆轍就行了! ◆新聞英文時間:Sweden Ranked: Best Country to Grow Old (瑞典獲選為最佳養老國) 哪裡適合退休?這新聞真的讓美國臉上無光,歐巴馬健保在討論期間,參議員認為美國政府會因這筆巨大預算倒閉(Government Shutdown)。台灣健保的建立和實施著實不易,提高國人就醫和治療的機會! 名列全球首富的美國只排行第八,英國甚至連前十名都擠不進去。此外,斯里蘭卡、玻利維亞和模里西斯等貧窮國家,由於進步的教育和醫療政策,得分高於眾人預期。 According to(根據) UN-backed report released(發布) on Tuesday, Sweden is the best country in the world for senior citizens(年長者) and Afghanistan the worst. While it may not be surprising that Sweden, Norway and Germany, with their universal pensions(國民年金) and extensive welfare(福利) programs, top the list, the survey did produce some surprising results. The United States, the world's richest country, only ranks eighth, and the UK doesn't even make the top 10. Moreover, poor countries like Sri Lanka, Bolivia and Mauritius scored much higher than might have been expected due to(由於) their progressive(逐漸進步的) education and healthcare policies. 『本專刊內容由王軒老師提供,並與本社編輯部共同策畫製作』
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Teaching with Games
The only thing harder than studying a second language as a child is learning one as an adult. Parents want to give their children a head start in learning a language. Adults can understand the benefits of learning things early in life-they tend to regret that they complained their way out of Spanish lessons or piano class when they were children. As an English teacher, I'm expected to teach English. Children are expected to be good students and learn. Unlike adults, children don't recognize the economic and social benefits of learning languages. Of course not-they want to talk and run around, as children should. Kids sometimes resist learning because they think it's boring and want to play. Adults can set the bar too high by expecting children to constantly sit and recite vocabulary and dialogue. There's no doubt that learning a language at a young age is best. But adults have focus, motivation, and drive. If an adult tries to learn a language, they can put aside time to study and go to class. If you are a six-year old child, a parent forces you to do all that. That's why learning-games are so important. Learning-games can take many forms. They can be songs with movements to teach body parts, like "Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes," or "The Hokey Pokey." Kids love songs and chants, and they can remember almost all of the words after only two or three repeats. For learning vocabulary, a game called "Memory" helps young learners to remember words. Make two sets of flash cards with pictures of whatever vocabulary you want, such as "cat," "dog," and "bird." Place the cards face down on the table randomly. Students must find two "cats," two "dogs," etc. When a player picks up a card, they must say the correct word, or put the card back and end their turn. If the player finds two of the same card and can say the correct word, then they can keep the cards. The player with the most cards wins. Games and songs are fun, lessons aren't. With games, the student can interact with teachers, parents, and classmates. Kids feel like something is happening, and they wholeheartedly pay attention. There are tons of resources online for activities, projects, and games. If you're a parent or a teacher and you want to teach English in a way that has your child smiling instead of complaining, then games are the way to go. 『本專刊由<金門日報>編輯部與學術交流基金會(傅爾布萊特交換計畫/Fulbright Taiwan)共同策畫製作』