輕鬆學英語
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (十一) 不管是不是牛仔都很忙
到了放暑假的時間,小孩忙,家長也忙,忙著帶小孩出去玩或者忙著規劃活動讓小孩很忙,然後其他人一樣忙著上班、忙著家事、忙著一切的日常,總之,這世界依然在運作,不管是不是牛仔似乎都很忙,當你想要說自己很忙的時候,最先冒出腦袋的是什麼句子或字眼呢?沒錯,就是忙、很忙、非常忙、極忙Busy! I am busy. I am very busy.I am extremely busy. I am terribly busy.之類的,不管形容詞怎麼換,都圍繞著busy打轉,今天麋鹿兒就要來跟大家說一下,怎麼可以不busy,喔!不是,是怎麼可以不要再只會說busy。 對了,其實一般人講話講到最後都會越講越簡單,越來越懶惰,所以,「就這樣子」,講到最後就變成「就醬子」,省那一個字也好,busy可有類似的狀況,busy可以說成biz,I am biz these days.就是我這幾天很忙啦!其實通常我們要講很忙的狀況只有兩種,一種是哀哀叫,純粹發出怒吼兼抱怨或解釋,一種是想要跟別人說,不要再讓我更忙了,不要來亂。要表達自己很忙碌,除了busy,有很多很有趣,很口語的說法,通常工作量很大,可以用I have a heavy workload .來說明,這裏要用heavy而不能用big或large.就像雨很大也是要用heavyrain,交通流量大,我們也是用heavy traffic來形容一樣,heavy用來表示程度的大。如果說,你的行程很緊,你就可以說,My schedule is tight.如果當你手邊有一堆待辦事項未完成,而又必須在時間內完成工作進度時,那種應接不暇的窘境,就可以用"have your hands full"來形容。就是工作滿檔的意思,比如說,最近老闆派給你很多工作,你忙到沒有空跟女朋友看電影,你就可以說,OH, sorry. I have my hands all full so I have no time going to see the movie. 工作過多,可以用I am swamped with my work來形容,swamp這個字是沼澤的意思,你也可說,I am feeling so swamped.用陷入沼澤中無法動彈的狀態來形容被工作卡得死死的情況,其實還蠻貼切的,如果你從進公司之後就像陀螺一樣一直轉,都沒有停過手,忙個不停,那你就可以用"on the go"來形容自己一直工作沒停過。比如說,你從今天早上開始工作一直到現在一直都沒有停下來過,就可以說I have been on the go since this morning.如果一直沒有停下來一直到下班,甚至還加班,下了班天都黑了,只看到月亮,那就是從早做到晚,你就可以說,"I work from dawn till dusk."從黎明做到黃昏的意思。dawn是黎明時分,dusk則是黃昏。"from dawn till dusk"就被拿來形容從早到晚囉。 如果從早忙到晚,東西越堆越多,多到都快要擋住你的視線了,那我們就可以說,I'm up to my neck in work,意思是工作都堆到脖子那麼高了,當然如果你覺得這樣不夠形容你的忙碌程度,你要堆到眼睛那麼高,還是堆到耳朵那麼高也都是可以的,如果你要說自己忙著處理文件,你就可以說,I'm up to my eyes in paperwork this week.或者工作多到透不過氣來,你也可這麼說,I am up to my ears in my work.有注意到了吧!這種用法如果要加上忙於哪一部分工作的時候,就用in這個介系詞喔!如果說你被工作埋了,有一個很生動可愛的用法,就是,be snowed under one's work,你可以想像老闆就是雪花製造機,文件像雪花一樣一直下,下到最後你就被埋在雪堆裡,就是被文件給埋了,就可以用I am snowed under my work.來表達我有太多的事要做,難以應付的狀況,同樣的概念,還有一種說法,就是I am drowning in work.我現在被工作給淹沒了,或者你要乾脆直接用bury埋葬這個字也是可以的,你可以說I am buried in work.我被工作埋了。 當你忙到不可開交,忙到翻掉的時候,最怕的就是遇到人家來問你可不可以幫個忙啊,或者是又丟進來一個工作給你,那種時候真的是頭上都快要冒煙了,你會在心裡面OS一百遍,並且暗自祈禱這來亂的人可以快快消失,但是不管怎樣,總是要禮貌地回應,所以,當同事請你幫忙,但是你已經太忙了,根本自顧不暇,無力幫忙的時候,你就可以這樣說,I'm sorry, I just have too much on my plate right now.對不起,我已經有夠忙的了,自顧不暇。have too much on one's plate 字面上是說盤子上已經堆太多東西,不能再堆了,意思就是手頭已有不少工作,沒辦法再抽空,不能再加了,如果將"too much"換成"a lot"或"enough"也是可以的,如果你正忙著處理一項工作,上司建議請同事幫你忙,但你知道那位同事也很忙,不願再加重他的負擔,可以這樣說︰He has a lot on his plate. I don't want to burden him with my project.他已經太忙了,我不想加重他的負擔。或簡單地說,He's got enough on his plate already.他已經太忙了,用這句話形容,是不是比用He's too busy.來的生動傳神呢? 忙碌的人,除了自顧不暇,當然也分身乏術,如果說,你行程滿檔,根本就抽不出時間來做別的事情,那就可以用be tied up 來形容忙到難以抽身,tie 作動詞是「綑綁」的意思,"be tied up"就是「被綁住、被束縛住」,我們常常會聽到被工作綁住,被小孩綁住,被家庭或事業綁住,分身乏術,就可以用這個片語,比如說,I would like to go to Mayday's concert with you, but I'm all tied up at the moment.我很樂意陪你去五月天的演唱會,但是那時間我行程滿檔,忙到難以抽身。家庭主婦通常都跟蜜蜂一樣,忙來忙去地照顧所有大小事,可以說自己as busy as a bee,也很常聽當媽媽的碎碎念或者是當學生的抱怨,什麼樣的事把他的時間都佔滿了,就可以用"be occupied by something."表示時間被某件事物佔滿,沒有任何空閒。比如說,我被工作綁住,就可以說I am tied up by my work.或者是,I am occupied by my work. 如果要再誇張一點,你可以說,I don't even have time to catch my breath. 我連喘口氣的工夫都沒有。對,連呼吸都沒空,所以,其他的就不用說了啊,閒人勿進,哈哈哈,所以,我們以後就可以視狀況來表達自己的忙碌狀態囉,不過,這裏還是要提醒大家,可以的話,不要攬太多事情在身上,Don't put too many irons in the fire.雖然說能者多勞All lay loads on a willing horse.所有的負擔都會在甘願做的馬身上,但不要搞到自己過勞overwork,要懂得拒絕refuse,要能夠斷捨離,還有要具備有被討厭的勇氣,適當的休息還是必要的,如果真的不行了,就讓自己忙裡偷個閒吧!休息一下,喘口氣,充充電再出發,那忙裡偷閒,我們就可以用,sneak a break from busy work來表達,sneak這個字本身就是偷偷摸摸鬼鬼祟祟,或者是偷偷溜走的意思,所以,從忙碌的工作中偷溜出來休息,就可以這樣表達喔! 作者:麋鹿兒
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (十) 面子問題
先前我們提到很多跟肢體有關的英文,我們不難發現,的確,光是大家耳熟能詳的身體單字,就有超過大家想像的豐富內容可以學習,今天我們要來看跟臉face有關的英文,講到臉,大家都會想到,中國人最「愛面子」了,其實,西方人也一樣愛面子喔!所以,他們也有面子問題,當顏面有受損之虞,當然就需要救一下,所以,英文有face-saving(保全面子的)和face saver(保全面子的舉動)的說法,所以,我們形容一個人「很愛面子」就可以說:He always wants to save face.。愛面子的人通常不喜歡被批評,而且喜歡在別人面前呈現最好的一面,因此也可以用He is always trying to look good.或者He is always trying to gain face.的說法來形容「愛面子」的人,但其實為什麼一個人會愛面子,說穿了就是自尊心強,所以,「愛面子」最貼切的說法是have a big ego,所以,「他太愛面子」也可以說 He has too big of an ego. 說到愛面子,大家都知道,愛面子的人最怕丟臉了,但是,人生難免有丟臉、出糗、踩到狗屎跌一跤,必須得要充當一下無臉男的時刻,在英文中,丟臉可以很直接地說lose face,所以他覺得沒面子,可以說,He lost face.他丟了臉,但是,比較妙的是,很多臺灣人會說,lose my face這下子,就會讓外國人霧沙沙了,我想他們聽到這句話的時候,會盯著你的臉一直看,因為lose face 是個片語,是個固定的詞組,有固定的詞序,加了那個 my, 在外國人聽來,意思就是你具體的、真的把「臉皮」弄丟了,然後現在找不到了,想想,那多可怕啊!現在是在上映「變臉」face off 嗎?所以,要表達我覺得很丟臉,可千萬不要說成我真的把臉給丟掉了,好,那到底丟臉要怎麼說呢?這就要看丟臉的嚴重程度而定了,如果不太嚴重,你可以說,I was embarrassed.如果非常嚴重的話,你可以說,I was really ashamed of myself.那如果真的要用face有關的說法,要記得lose face中間不能用所有格喔! 麋鹿兒這裡提供給您另外兩個有趣的片語來形容出糗,第一個就是,have egg on one's face,有蛋在臉上,想想,不管你在做什麼,天外飛來一顆蛋砸在你臉上,蛋黃流下來,蛋殼還在,天哪!說有多糗就有多糗,超丟臉的,囧爆了,所以如果你聽到have egg on one's face那就是指很丟臉或很難堪的意思,所以,他做出失態的行為後 他感到真的很丟臉,我們就可以說,He really has egg on his face after that gaffe. 另外一個就是,fall on one's face,這也很容易聯想,想像一個畫面,你要出席重要的場合,又盛裝又打扮,閃亮亮的出場,下一秒,踩到裙襬,往前跌個狗吃屎樣子,大概就是那種感覺,所以,跌倒在地、顏面盡失、出糗,還有不在預期中的失敗,都可以用這個片語來形容喔! 好了,講到丟臉,如果你丟臉,心情會好嗎?當然不會好,一定臭著一張臉對吧!那「擺臭臉」在英文裡面,就是拉長一張臉的意思,所以,我們用pull a face去形容一個人不高興擺臭臉,開心的時候嘴角眼角都是笑著的,線條都是往上揚的,不開心的時候,臉部的線條都是往下垂的,臉就拉得長長的,所以,講一個人「結屎面」除了pull a long face,也可以用wear a long face,或者是have a long face,當然,跟wear類似意思的動詞片語put on也是可以的,所以put on a long face也是在說臉很臭,同時這個片語也可以用來形容悶悶不樂的情緒,不過,在這裡,麋鹿兒要提醒大家的是,pull a face 跟pull a long face是不一樣的喔,不高興的時候會拉長臉,那光拉臉是什麼呢?光拉臉是要扮鬼臉啦!不然你扮個鬼臉給我看,是不是有拉到你的臉,對吧!所以,pull a face拉一張臉就扮鬼臉,pull a long face拉長一張臉就擺臭臉,清楚了嗎? 此外,中國跟西方有些大家耳熟能詳的諺語也跟臉有關,比如說,我們常常聽到的這個人面惡心善,光有一副漂亮的臉蛋,但是心腸不好,就可以說他has a fair face and a foul heart,同理,人面獸心就是Fair face, foul heart.所以有了,A fair face may hide a foul heart.這樣的警語,正所謂,知人知面不知心,You see a man's face but not his heart. 就是這樣說的,而中國有一個諺語,紅顏薄命,用來形容一個傾國傾城的美女但卻命運多舛,正所謂自古紅顏皆薄命,也是沒辦法啊,長得漂亮不是被抓去當壓寨夫人,就是被大轎抬入宮中淹沒在後宮佳麗三千裡,要不走路上街買個東西都還要招來蜂蝶圍繞尾隨,倒楣一點的可能還遇到紈■子弟當街調戲,要講一個女生「水郎某水命」就是fair face, poor fate.啦!漂亮的臉蛋,可憐的命,很好記吧! 順便一提,現在很流行,面交,就是買賣雙方親自當面交貨,當然臉就必須得要對著臉,所以,當我們要說,親自見個面,親自談一談,其實,可以很簡單地用的face to face喔!我們下星期見面再談,就可以說,We will talk about this face to face next week.還有,我們常常會聽到人家說這傢伙是雙面人,不能信任,那他就是double-faced,這是個複合形容詞,所以要稍微注意一下它的結構喔,如果我們要形容他見人說人話,見鬼說鬼話,就可以說,He is double-faced.會這樣的人當然就是雙面人,所以,He is a double-faced man. Face這個字也可以當做動詞使用,指的是面對的意思,所以這扇窗子面對大街,就可以說The window faces the street.這棟建築物面對北方,就可以說,The building faces the north.除了實際的東西要面對,我們也有很多抽象的東西要面對,所以,讓我們來面對音樂吧!Let's face the Music! 你可能會說,麋鹿兒,你搞笑的吧!音樂是要怎麼面對?其實,face the music不是叫你面對音樂,而是要你「面對現實、承認錯誤或者接受責任」的意思,等同於我們說的,face the fact 或者 face the truth,面對現實,face the music這個片語的來源有很多說法,比較常聽到的有兩個,其中一個說法是,這個片語起源於十九世紀,舞台的正對面就是樂隊所在的地方,所以演員一上台,就必須要面對樂隊,也就是面對音樂,另一個說法,是說這個片語來自於軍方,在以前當有軍人犯了重大錯誤,要被逐出軍隊的時候,他們會被剝去軍徽,在批判般的鼓聲中,不光彩的在眾人面前離開隊伍,咚咚咚隆咚,咚咚咚隆咚的鼓聲,就是他們要面對的音樂,也就是他們要面對的現實,而用到這個片語,強調的就不只是面對現實,也強調必須承擔後果喔! 至於,如果要面對的是困難、困境或者是心不甘情不願但卻必須要面對的事物的時候,我們會用人be faced with 事物,比如說,我那個時候要面對很多困難,我就可以說,I was faced with a lot of difficulties. 為什麼這種狀況通常會用被動的語態來說明呢?其實想想也蠻容易理解的,想想,當你面臨不願意面對的事物卻必須「被迫」面對的時候,不管是誰強迫你面對,就算是自己,你覺得自己是主動還是被動,當然你是被動的囉!記起來了嗎?雖然困難大家都不願意碰到,但是,在這裡,麋鹿兒還是要跟大家說,如果真的有困難,還是要面對它,該面對的,絕不逃避,因為,A brave man smiles in the face of adversity.勇者無懼。
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
各位客官你們知道究竟「工作」的英文是什麼嗎?英文雜誌裡也是一下寫JOB,一下寫WORK,讓同學學習起來很挫敗,感覺常剛剛學了新單詞,又要被遇到的其他表達弄到很混亂。但其實在英文中還是有慣用語和清楚的脈絡可循。在教學課中,同學在分享自己在學英文的過程中,常遇到一個中文解釋的單字卻有許多英文相關的字詞跑出來,而且在英檢閱讀測驗偏偏又是多面向,進行很細部的探究。就像在國際商業英檢考試多益來說,書信填空中提到" Edward, considered a(n)____ employee, has been quite instrumental to the critical decisions in the firm."(愛德華被認為是貢獻良多的員工,對公司的重要決策影響很大。)(A)dedicated (B)devoted (C) committed (D) obsessed *同學一看到這個題目不要急著轉台,可以好好仔細挑戰自己的閱讀理解和文法實力,可以利用刪去法把(D) obsessed(偏執的)這個選項先刪去,前方三個選項都非常的類似,都是有相同的使用時機:be dedicated/ devoted/committed to + V-ing/N./Np. (貢獻於…;致力於…)。但是其中的(C) committed是最常用在正式場合及口說英文的重要單字,代表一個人「非常賣力」。 有個故事跟同學分享,讓大家也可以順便把CONTRIBUTION和COMMITMENT這兩個看似都是「貢獻」的單字搞懂。有一天小豬和小雞就一起去郊外旅遊,然後到了中午他們都覺得有點餓起來了,看到前方有一家好吃的三明治店,就決定要去裡頭打打牙祭,沒想到菜單上的招牌菜竟然是「豬排雞蛋三明治」!讓小豬大叫一聲說:「老天爺太不公平了,小雞你只是貢獻(Contribute)一個蛋,而我卻要丟掉小命(Commit)!」聰明的妳們一定聽懂了這個故事,所以當我們說到對別人有所貢獻就可以CONTRIBUTION TO(對象),而賣命於某事就要說COMMITMENT TO(對象)。如果你覺得你整個就是爆肝青年,就可以說" I have been so committed to my work."看來老闆應該要給你一個大大的加薪(RAISE)了喔! 在生活英文的運用上,對於「工作」這個詞我們有許多的區分與使用時機點!今天老師要幫同學努力惡補一下,幫幫大家把從學校英文課堂忘記的內容,到出國旅遊移民可能需要填寫表格的「工作」選項,都一併來做清楚的說明。另外同學們對於「兼職」和「多兼一份工作」可是完全不同的單字與用法喲!而且老師還要替普天之下辛苦的上班族們,好好地教大家如何用英文一吐整天的辛勞呢! (A)WORK:特指工作量或指派的任務或例行運動最近嘻哈歌姬蕾哈娜(RIHANA)狂唱WORK WORK WORK這首電音搖滾歌曲相當洗腦,不管是歌詞或是旋律都很CATCHY也很有吸引力呢!每次接近周末大家都滿心期待可以好好的放鬆,但其實在周休二日的制度下,許多朋友可能在周日就開始焦慮MONDAY BLUE的繁重工作量。最近也有一些國定假期剛結束,老師就覺得渾身不對勁,覺得好像要回到工作崗位有點小煎熬,好險老師還蠻self-disciplined(有自制力的),可以立刻pace my own life (調整自己的生活步調),習慣讓自己忙忙忙!這個單字通常為不可數名詞,所以大家要避免使用"My sister got a new work."。WORK經常都是指工作負擔量,或是還經常可以搭配許多動詞片語呢! 1.能在高壓下工作:*Work Under Pressure "----Do you think that you can work under pressure? Yes I am really resilient and adaptable under all circumstances.(你認為你可以在壓力下工作嗎?是呀,我是個很有韌性而且適應力良好的人。) 2.不分晝夜地工作"Work Around the Clock"---Most engineers in Taiwan are required to work overtime and get underpaid.In a nutshell, a vast majority of them tend to work around the clock.(在台灣大多的工程師都必須要超時工作而且工資低。簡而言之,許多工程師都是沒日沒夜的工作。) 3.運動"work out"(Part One)---To boost your immune system and metabolism, humans should work out at safer places and go get some sweat on a regular basis. Working out can also help a person release his/ her stress and feel much relieved.(為了要增強你的免疫系統和新陳代謝,人類需要在安全的環境裡且規律地去運動。運動可以幫助人釋放壓力也可以覺得比較放鬆。)*MAKEUP為化妝品 4. 解決處理"work out"(Part Two)--- Go bother someone else about your stupid question, and you are supposed to work it out by yourself. Haven't you realized that you are already a grown-up?(把你的蠢問題拿去問別人,你應該要自己去解決這件事。你還不清楚你已經是一個成年人的嗎?) 5.<--Holic:對...狂熱者>: 工作狂"workaholic"(work工作+holic狂熱者) 購物狂"shopaholic"(shop購物+holic狂熱者) 酗酒者" alcoholic"(alcohol酒精+holic狂熱者) 巧克力狂熱者"chocoholic"(chocolate巧克力+holic狂熱者) (B)JOB:屬於中性的「工作」說法,而且也可以在各種場合自我介紹的時候使用,請同學要注意極少會直接問對方What's your job?雖然在英文課本裡常見的用句,但還是習慣用"How do you earn a living by?"或去詢問對方的工作性質"What's the nature of your job?"會比較彈性且尊重對方的立場去談論這個delicate issue(敏感議題)。→I still need to moonlight.(我必須要去找第二份工作。) 1. I am between the jobs. 指「我目前沒有工作中」,而不是一個人同時在處理許多忙碌的工作(be multi-tasking)。另外也可以說Sb is jobless代表一個人是失業當中,可能才剛剛被裁員掉而已,而被開除的英文除了被FIRED,也可以說The employee was laid-off by leaking clients' confidentiality.(這位員工因為竊取客戶機密而被解雇) * I am between the jobs實用指數超高 2. I am looking for a job.「我目前還在找工作中」,而各位同學們都很容易寫成: I found a job. (我已經找到工作)。動詞片語中 *look for (尋找中)V.S. find(find→found→found已經找到),既然都找到工作了,所以通常會以簡單過去式來表達事實I found a job,而不是用現在進行式I am finding a job。 *另外我們如果收到面是公司的工作邀約job offer,但同時間也有更好的選擇,那麼就必須要很有技巧地去婉拒對方。那麼我們就可以用I really appreciate your recognition and this precious opportunity. But I am afraid I have to decline the job offer because….(我很感謝你的肯定和這個難得機會,但恐怕必須婉拒這個工作機會,因為…) 3. Did you have a nose job?"你有整過鼻子嗎?",應該算是整形美容裡最簡單的表達之一,所以同學可以立刻背起來喔! 生活實例就可以來演練一下:You had a wonderful nose job. Please give me the name card of your surgeon.(你的鼻子整得真好看,快給我你醫生的名片。) 4.A part-time job,指一個兼職的工作(通常薪水較低,而且也不是很穩定的兼差)=a part-time,如果你的本業是資訊工程師,在下班之餘也會幫親朋好友修修電腦或替主機板診斷問題,也從中賺取一些小額費用,這就是你的part-time job,而喜歡打工的人就可以稱為 part-timer。另外我們也常說許多年輕人容易因為到了新環境會沉不住氣,容易跟同事起衝突或是嫌棄工作內容不符合自己偉大的理想,碰到問題就換工作,就會讓人想到動物界的「蚱蜢」(grasshopper)。而grass草+hop彈跳的組合,延伸就可以說老在工作上轉換不停的人,就是job+hop(p)+er「常換工作者」(job-hopper),是不是很好記呢!也不要只是看著文章,要記得大聲念(READ ALOUD)出來才有機會派上用場喔! 5. Good job!指「做得好」。許多英文老師都會用這句話來鼓勵學生繼續努力,但都已經內化在血液裡頭的句子,脫離學生生活進入職場卻被老外同事覺得自己大驚小怪。因為基本上如果上司對你的表現感到激賞,應該要用That's impressive!(這真是令人印象深刻),如果只是說Good job!反而是矯情了!因為一個大老闆什麼大風大浪沒經歷過,所以要稱的上叫Good大概不多,反而能讓老板放在心裡的表現,impressive才是高度讚賞的用字!生活實例可以怎麼用呢? *Your presentation was quite impressive. *(你的口頭簡報是相當的令人印象深刻呢!) (C)CAREER:終身志業,通常極度有熱情的工作或是志工性質的服務內容。 在英文如果可以用到CAREER當作工作稱呼,那肯定是非常感人!因為這代表就是PASSION所在,在面試時就可以大膽說This job is my great passion toward which I can exert my utmost strength.(這個工作是我極大的熱情,可以在這個工作裡發揮最大的實力。)甚至許多令人景仰的「philanthropist」(慈善家)也是許多人的理想目標,有能力手心向下,對養育我們的社會有更多回饋。 (D)OCCUPATIN:正式文件中的「職業欄」非它莫屬! 一天佔你最多時間的是什麼呢?這不是腦筋急轉彎喔,沒錯就是你的工作。所以OCCUPY原本佔領某地或是某區域,變成了OCCUPATION(職業)。在飛機上的洗手間,就會很清楚的顯示"occupied"(有人使用的)和"vacant"(無人使用的)的差別,一定要努力把OCCUPATION給背起來喔! ★我只能困在辦公室裡忙→英文有哪些說法呢? 1.I have been buried in heavy work. 我整個人埋首在工作裡! 2.I am totally chained to my desk due to stacks of paperwork awaiting to be dealt with因為在桌上有一堆文件等著要處理,我鎮日都在辦公桌旁。 3. Those work nearly crashed me so that there's no place to stay at but the office.整個工作快壓垮我了,除了辦公室哪都不能去 4.I have spent the whole day in the cubicle.整天都必須在辦公隔間做事。 5. The heavy workload really drained all my energy.繁重工作完全吸乾我的體力!
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (八) 成為一個「腳」佼者(1)
之前我們提到了頭跟手的用法,今天麋鹿兒要來跟大家談一下,跟腳有關的英文,腳很長,大腿的部位我們稱之為thigh, 而小腿前方有骨的部分是shin,後方有肌肉的部分是calf,一般我們常聽到的leg指整條腿從股部到腳指尖,另一個常見的腳,foot則是指「腳ㄚ子」, 就是踝骨以下到腳指尖的部分,只是要特別注意的是,通常名詞的複數,也就是說大於一個的,我們通常加上s就可以了,但是腳丫子這個字比較特別,一腳是foot,而雙腳是feet喔! 今天我們提到跟腳有關的英文,通常都會集中在leg跟foot的用法上。首先,我們要來看leg,這個單字,這個單字很簡單,幾乎幼稚園或小學生都會,但是,跟這個單字一起出現的片語或慣用語,常常會讓大家弄錯意思,比如說,你聽到pull one's leg,你會想到什麼呢?拉某人的腿,啊!扯後腿,對不對?不對!又聽到有人說,break a leg,你會直覺想到什麼?啊!斷了一隻腿!不對!千千萬萬不要跟人家說,喔!好可憐喔,你怎麼了,對方的腿,沒有斷,沒有斷,沒有斷,因為很重要,所以要講三次,又比如說,你聽到有人說 Show a leg ,你可不要傻乎乎地,就把裙子撩起來,露出你的白玉美腿,對方沒有要看你的腿,真的沒有,不要誤會了! 所以光是這三句,就要好好把它弄懂了,好,我們先來看第一個,pull one's leg,拉某人的腳,不是扯後腿,他原來的解釋是指開某人的玩笑,跟 to kid, fool, 或 trick someone是同樣的意思,所以,如果,聽到有人說的話實在有點扯,難以相信,比如你女朋友跟你說,你親我一下我就嫁給你,你的當下反應可能是,你當真的嗎?Are you serious? 你在開玩笑嗎?Are you kidding? 當然你也可以說,I think you are pulling my leg.我覺得你是在開玩笑的吧!如果你覺得對方很不幽默,一點也不好笑,你可以跟他說,Don't pull my leg. It's funny.別開玩笑,一點也不好笑! 再來,我們來看break a leg,其實和腿有關,實用度第一名的片語應該屬break a leg,這個片語很俏皮但卻很難讓人理解,他不是要打斷人家的腿,或者是講某人斷了腿,真正的意義是祝人好運,相當於wish sb. good luck。為什麼會有這麼芭樂的用法,說真的,斷腿跟祝福到底有什麼關係,麋鹿兒把鹿腦想成渣也想不出來,所以稍微研究了一下,這個片語的由來眾說紛紜,難有一個真正的解釋,但其中,有兩個比較有說服力的說法,一個是來自精靈故事,話說從前有個小精靈非常愛捉弄人,如果聽到你許了個願望,他就會故意實現一個相反的,比如你祈禱在心儀的女同學面前完成個喬丹空中灌籃,小朋友應該知道他是誰吧!飛人喬丹,空中灌籃超帥,好,這個頑皮的精靈可能會施個法術讓你踩到香蕉皮、跌個狗吃屎之類的,所以即便你想要祝人好運,也不能夠老實地說,而是要說祝你跌斷腿之類的,那他就會讓你的腿非常的好;另外一個說也很類似,是源於外國人的迷信,直接說祝人好運可能反招來厄運,所以一定要說反話,就是類似中國人說的名字要取什麼貓屎之類的才會好命,還好麋鹿兒的媽媽沒有給我取一個跟願望相反的名字,感謝天!因此break a leg最常用於人要去比賽、上台表演或簡報之用,聽到別人祝你跌斷腿可別誤會了,那可是祝你好運唷! 所以,如果對方上台前很緊張,你可以這樣跟他說, All you have to do now is to relax yourself. You will be fine. Break a leg! 你現在要做的就是放輕鬆,會很好的,祝你好運!或你想要鼓舞團隊,你就可以說,Let's all go and do our best. Break a leg! 讓我們盡情發揮吧!祝大家好運! 接著,我們來看,Show a leg,這也很有趣,這片語源於水手生活,水手在海上工作,怎麼看都是茫茫大海和藍天白雲,苦悶的工作讓他們靠港後就會去找樂子、到Bar邂逅女伴,再一起回船上「休息」,因此許多大港口也都聚集成紅燈區,自然地船上的工作夥伴也都有默契,一大早當值的下士就會到床鋪前喊「show a leg!」,先請大家把腳伸出來,如果伸出來的是毛茸茸的腿,那就是水手的腿,得馬上拉起來幹活,若是光滑白晰的腿,就可以允許繼續睡到飽。這個說法真的不禁讓人莞爾一笑。英文中會用Show a leg叫人 「起床」,相當於wake up,不過說真的,人家叫你的時候,不要只伸出一隻腳,然後繼續睡喔!要醒過來!因為就算你沒有水手毛茸茸的腿,你也不能睡到自然醒,該上班還是要上班,該上學還是要上學,該起來可千萬不要賴床! 除了這三個很容易弄錯的片語,其實還有幾個跟leg有關的常用片語,也很常聽到,在日常生活中也很容用到,一個叫做,cost you an arm and a leg,「要你一隻手和一隻腳」,聽起來超驚悚的,你可別以為你遇到黑道還是什麼的,對方沒有要你留下手腳,現在不流行這一款的了,但是如果一樣東西需要你付出手腳作為代價,肯定非常昂貴,所以,cost you an arm and a leg是用來指稱某件東西很貴,貴到你要為它付出很高的代價的意思。比如說,你要買的吉他是個天價,我們要講「天價」這個概念,就可以說,他要你斷手斷腳來換,所以,That new guitar costs him an arm and a leg. 就是表達,那把新吉他是不是要斷手斷腳換來的、也太貴了! 另外,如果我們講一個人在他最後的腳上,可不要以為他是蜈蚣有一百隻腳,或者他是行動不便的人,有很多義肢,on one's last legs表示行將就木、分崩離析的意思,我們可以用它來形容人或物品,用於人的時候,指的是奄奄一息、離死期不遠,譬如,That old man is on his last legs.表示那位老先生快要蒙主寵召了;而用於指稱公司或物品時,則指瀕臨破產、瓦解或報廢,譬如My car is on its last legs.,就是說車子快壞、不能開了。所以東西用到快要不能用了,該換新的了,都可以用這個片語,超好用的。 最後,麋鹿兒要跟大家分享的是,shake your leg,在日常生活中,其實你會很常聽到外國的媽媽在對小孩說Shake your leg.這字面上聽起來,好像是叫人要抖腳,因為這很明確是個命令句,你可不要聽到之後就猛搖起自己的腳喔!哪個媽媽會叫小孩抖腳?想想,小時候如果在家抖腳,爺爺或奶奶就會很生氣地說,「男抖貧,女抖賤,誰叫你抖腳?」再順便飛過來個降龍十八掌,以示警戒,所以,我們聽到的都是,不要抖腳,Don't shake your leg. 怎麼會有人說, Shake your leg.呢?一頭霧水對吧!其實,所以叫人shake "your" leg,其實是叫對方趕快行動的意思,在台灣,我們也常說"move"或者"move your ass"也是一樣的意思,只是說移開你的屁屁,實在是比較鄙俗不雅了點!所以盡量避免啦! 最後,麋鹿兒要跟大家分享一個也是跟leg有關的用法,但是做了點變化,因為金門盛產高粱,各種盛大場合都免不了喝一下高粱助興,小酌怡情,要是喝到爛醉就不好了,那喝到爛醉的說法,還跟leg有那麼一點關係,他喝得爛醉可以說,He was completely legless!注意到了嗎?legless,是leg(腳)+less(沒有或缺乏),這並不表示一個人沒有腿了,當你在酒吧待太久後,這句慣用語的狀況就會發生。這是說喝酒喝到非常醉,醉到不省人事,醉到站不起來或走路,跟沒有腿是一樣的,所以,當用到這句話,就是說用來形容當一個人喝了很多酒,站不穩、跌跌撞撞,像沒有腿一樣,這是一種誇張說法,但很有趣,可以學起來喔!光是leg就有這麼多的片語可以學,我們還有foot呢!下次我們就來看看腳丫子能有多少有趣的用法吧!
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (七) 頭頭是道
今天麋鹿兒要跟大家分享的是,跟頭head有關的說法,基本上,頭是一個很好使用的字,首先我們來建立一個簡單的概念,如果說,我們今天把head加上了表示方位的介副詞,像是上up、下down、裡面in、外面out、後面back等等,通常都是指到某個地方,等於我們要拿頭來當作指標,想像一下,我們現在平躺在地圖上,地圖頭的上方是北邊,腳的部位是南邊,那麼,頭往上head up 就是指著你人在目的地的南邊,你要往北邊走,head down就是指你人要往南邊走,比如說,你今天人在墾丁,你要北上到台北,你就可以說,I'm going to head up to Taipei.如果你在台北要南下墾丁,那你就可以說,I'm going to head down to Ken-ting.所以聰明的大家一定可以直覺地猜到,head in 或head inside是什麼意思,沒錯,就是進到室內,當你人相對處於一個室外的場合時,都可以用head in表達go inside的意思。例如當你人在院子裡,但快要熱斃了,你想要進去屋裡,你可以說I'm going to head inside.那head out頭往外去,比較常看到的用法是,Don't stick your head out of the car window.不要把你的頭手伸出車外,另外還有一個用法,就是離開啟程前往某處的意思,比如說,我明天要離開I'm going to head out tomorrow. 就等於是I'm going to leave tomorrow. 如果說你有一個特定的目的地要前往,要說明一個明確的地點,那就可以用head over to某個地點,比如說,I'm going to head over to your house right now.我現在馬上要前往你的住所,剛剛有說到往南head down往北 head up的用法,那往東或往西,你就可以用head over囉!你也可以用head for表示前往某地,這個片語一樣有go的意思,但比單純head to 某地更多了點明確的目的,向某方向、某地點而去,對準某地而去,例如,他往門口走去的時候我們跟他道別,He waved good-bye as he headed for the door. 或如果有洪水來,我們就掛了(要下地獄了)If there is a flood coming, head for the hills.如果旅行在外,玩太大,覺得好累喔!想要返回住宿地點休息,你就可以說,I'm going to head back,表示你想要回去你一開始出門的地點。 要注意的是,off有斷掉的意思,所以,今天如果你看到的是head off,那是要阻擋某人前往某地,或者是要阻擋某件事情發生的意思,某種程度上等同於stop或者block,比如說,你媽媽超想找導師聊天的,我想我們可以在他抵達學校之前擋住他,I think we can head her off before she reaches the school.不過說真的,這招沒有用,因為他們現在都有賴,可以視訊了,哈哈哈。head off也常用在口語表達裡說明某件事情或者笑話非常好笑,你可以誇張地說I laughed my head off.我把我的頭笑到斷掉了,就是我們說的「笑死我了」。 喔,順道一提,剛剛有講到head up,如果我們用的是很多頭一起往上,意思可是完全不一樣的喔!在美國,如果你常去看壘球或排球比賽,你就會注意到heads up這個詞在球場上常常出現,大多數是在球打入觀眾席等時後對大叫這個詞,意思就是叫觀眾抬頭,要「注意!」球要去了,但是,如果你看到這樣的句子, It's possible that we are gonna do a study on that day. I just want to give you a heads up on that! 把這個當作名詞用,並不是叫對方要小心注意,而是表示讓對方事先得知這件事情。所以這句話的意思是,我想在那天做個實驗,我只是想「讓你先知道一下」!這個簡單又實用的用法,大家一起學起來吧! 其實,頭(Head) 在英文俚語也是常見的元素喔!而且,跟中文差不多,蠻好記的,比如說比較常見的,「從頭到腳」,我們可以說, from head to toe,從頭到腳指頭;而數人頭,就直接count heads就可以了;如果我們說這個人眼睛長在後腦勺,我們可以說他have eyes in the back of head;如果我們今天要講傷一根汗毛,不好意思,可不是隨便一根毛髮都可以傷的,傷的可是頭上的毛髮喔!所以要說harm a hair on head。如果我們說一個人的肩膀上有一顆好的頭,He has a good head on shoulders.那就代表他是一個有見識的人,但是如果說他有顆不好的頭,不是說他沒有見識,是說他今天早上爬起來,髮型亂得跟鳥窩一樣,所以,睡覺睡得亂七八糟的頭髮就叫 bed head,好玩吧! 比身高的時候,我們也常常用頭來當衡量的單位,比如說他多我一個頭,他矮我半個頭之類的,但是,如果他高你很多,多出來的就不是頭了,他可能肩膀也都超過你的頭,所以如果我們聽到一個人他的頭跟肩膀都在另一個人上面,那指的是比另一個人優秀許多,大大的勝出,比如說他妻子在煮飯上比他優秀許多,就可以說,His wife is head and shoulders above him in cooking.偷偷跟你說喔,你有沒有發現,head and shoulders 唸起來很耳熟,對,再唸快一點,可以再快一點,猜到是哪個牌子了嗎?對了,就是海倫仙度絲,厲害的人都用海倫仙度絲嗎?這純粹是開玩笑的,別真的去買來洗喔! 說真的,頭擺在哪兒其實還蠻重要的,如果你聽到把某人的頭保持在水面上,keep one's head above water 那可不是件輕鬆的事,雖然,游過泳的人都知道,要能夠游動自如,首先要能夠把頭伸出水面,這樣便可以邊游邊呼吸,不用擔心溺水了,但反觀,如果在水中遇到麻煩時,一般人就會千方百計地想要讓頭露出水面,所以,keep one's head above water被引用來說明一種身處一種困境,然後拚命把頭伸出水面,不要陷入困境中的意思,而這種困境通尤其是指金錢或債務所造成的困境。如果你聽到有人把頭擺在雲裡,可不是一頭霧水的意思喔,他指的是做白日夢、不切實際,或想入非非的意思,比如說,Oh, his head is in the clouds again. He's talking about winning the lottery. 他又在做白日夢了,又在講要中樂透的是了,好吧!我承認,麋鹿兒也曾經把頭放在雲裡過,畢竟,幻想一下中樂透也是一件蠻令人開心的事,如果能中,當然更開心囉!好了,麋鹿兒,Get your head out of the clouds.不要再做白日夢了。 順便一提,麋鹿兒有小小的選擇障礙,所以常常要擲筊做決定,好啦,我開玩笑地,不過說真的不知道怎麼選的時候,就丟個銅板讓老天安排吧!在丟銅板決定事情時,中、英文用法有大同小異的說法,在中文,以丟銅板來決定事情時,會請人猜是人頭還是字,而在英文中,丟銅板決定事情時,則是要人猜是人頭還是尾巴Heads or tails?不要問我那個字啊,花啊到底要怎麼說了,說尾巴喔! 有一些常見的中文成語,也跟頭有關喔!比如說,Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 雖然字面上看起來叫做寧為狗頭不當獅子尾巴,中文的成語對應過來的是,「寧為雞首,不為牛後。」在中文中,「三個臭皮匠,勝過一個諸葛亮。」在英文中,是說兩個頭比一個頭來得強,但是不好意思,不要掙扎到底要寫三個頭還兩個頭,中文三個臭皮匠,英文兩個頭,Two heads are better than one. 講了這麼多關於頭的用法,你有沒有一個頭兩個大呢?頭痛了嗎?一般我們表示頭痛會說,I have a headache. 或者是 My head is pounding. 我的頭被不斷重擊,很傳神,當然你也可以很誇張很誇張的說,我的頭快要爆炸了,It feels like my head is going to explode!哈哈哈!不過,一個頭兩個大,跟頭一點關係也沒有,外國人在講這個概念的時候,他們會用behind the eight ball,因為對外國人來說, 打撞球最不喜歡的就是八號球以後面的球,超難打的, 所以只要是behind the eight ball,就用來表示一個頭兩個大,是不是很有趣呢?
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
你有想過自己心中的【COMFORT FOOD】是什麼呢?COMFORT在英文中可以當作動詞的「進行安撫、照顧某對象」,也用在當作名詞的「舒適感」;所以,我們常說不要安於現狀(Settle for nothing),要挑戰其他的領域(take on challenge in other fields)和探索自己的潛能(probe into one's potentials)要脫離自己的舒適圈(stay out of one's comfort zone)。當然人生不可能總是順利如意的,而英文裡也會用很美好的意象來形容美好順遂的人生,東方有<愛蓮說>的周敦頤借用菊花描述陶明淵淡泊名利,而世人偏愛牡丹的艷麗美好,而西方世界喜歡用「玫瑰」來形容燦爛華麗的生活。所以鋪著柔軟玫瑰花瓣的床--a bed of roses--就是順順利利的人生。另外,我們常聽到別人說的富二代叫做"TRUST FUND BABY,從小家裡就替孩子辦理信託基金後,交給專業信託投顧進行人生理財投資規劃,成年前就會一筆可觀的財富可以選擇出國留學或是自行創業。突然讓平民如我的人很想高唱"金包銀"這首經典歌曲吧?不過還是努力踏實贏來的成就比較踏實吧!難怪血汗錢就叫hard-earned money! 大家一定還記得老師提過"討拍拍"的說法,就是像是用釣魚竿像釣魚般到處尋找憐憫他的人,所以簡稱叫"fish for sympathy"。今天的主題COMFORT就是告訴我們:大家在各行各業裡頭(all walks of life)生活上、情緒上難免會受到人際關係衝突、不如預期的行程變動、突如其來的身體不適,在這些情況下難免會很需要人家拍拍,需要一點鼓勵。身為業務的艾倫,跑遍大江南北,造訪許多客戶後,需要的就是一張床和一件COMFORTER,就心滿意足了!這裡的COMFORTER就是我們的涼被唷;像海島型或緯度較高的國家來說,因為天氣濕冷或冬天溫度容易驟降寒冷,每個家庭都需要來一件厚厚的棉被,就要說QUILT。不過老師念書的加拿大和旅行過的歐美國家而言,室內室外都有暖氣,所以她們睡覺只需要簡單的毛毯,但也因為太乾需要加濕器材才不會太過乾燥而流鼻血或隔天起床失聲;如果預算許可下,大家或許就會到寢具專賣店裡面,挑一件讓自己既可以禦寒又可以享受輕柔的羽毛被,這樣的尊貴羽絨被就可以用法文的DOUVET(尾音的T是無聲的,念音很像"度威"),這樣就可以囉! 在TLC旅遊生活頻道裡,越來越多華人主持故鄉特色料理,遠從美國飛回越南尋根去介紹當地的歷史文化的同時,也在尋訪從前的家鄉味道。或許人事已非,整個大環境風貌隨著旅遊興盛變得國際化,總還能夠在巷弄間看到那些駝著身子用傳統器具搗著山林間獨特的香料,一邊顧著火候,等待美好的時機可以把食材放進煮鍋中,手邊還要準備著其他食材的配料還有裝飾材料的嫩竹葉,一一擺好,每道工序都有其意涵。這樣如同禱告者般的虔誠,守護好幾代的風味和文化的傳承。看著主持人一邊介紹著自己即將失傳的料理和自己未能好好珍惜,一部分的自己也將失去身分,看著看著也眼眶濕潤了起來。食物本身不僅僅是繁瑣的處理過程,還代表長輩對後代的期待和關愛,更是提醒自己時時不忘身分的溫柔牽絆。My mother's curry can always comfort me when in despair.(我媽媽煮得咖哩在我感到沮喪時,真的很有療癒功能。)其實在西方家庭中,每個孩子成年後都會自行離家求學或是去其他的城市求職,甚至落地生根。所以每當逢年過節,大家總會想盡辦法回家,看看家人一解鄉愁,也要嚐嚐在異地生活很難有機會碰到的家常菜。現在這個講求效率與便利的生活中,每個人都想要吃到有色香味俱全的菜色,而且還要什麼營養素都在裏頭,用膝蓋想想也知道多半都是化學元素週期表吃一輪的概念。COMFORT FOOD是從拉丁美洲到美國的移民族群所延伸出來的用詞,家裡的婦女都會用小米或馬鈴薯搗爛成泥狀,並用雙手捏成圓餅的形狀,好像以往在故鄉的時候家裡部落常吃到的玉米烤餅,也是逢年過節一定要吃的菜色之一。所以其實COMFORT FOOD在許多人的心中,可以說是"奶嘴型"美食,不必要是一道hearty meal(吃到撐得一頓飯?eat to one's heart content吃到心滿意足),或是美食珍饌(exquisite delicacies)的檔次,就是個能夠"慰藉心靈"的食物(如果同學認為巧克力一吃就整個心情大好,我想也可以這麼說Chocolate is my comfort food because it is my bias(巧克力就是能夠療癒我,這是我的偏好。)。老師自己快到感冒的時候,或是覺得一天都很疲倦時,就會想去街弄裡喝碗青菜豆腐湯,暖心也暖胃,也是在異鄉能夠回憶母親滋味的小確幸。那麼,大家在流連過精美吃到飽餐廳,飯店等級的異國料理店後,內心的COMFORT FOOD是什麼呢?那是一道專屬自己,收藏在心底的暖暖回憶與輕柔的心靈撫慰。
(A)通常我們都會很期待晴朗的天氣,或是在忙碌的季節裡有個國定假日出現拯救我們忙碌的心靈。中文常會把「期待」和「預期」分得很清楚,但是在英文表達中同學容易搞混之間的差異性。比如說I am expecting a typhoon.就很容易被翻譯成「我很期待颱風來。」這聽起來就非常不合邏輯而且會讓人會錯意,而那句話的意思是「能預料到颱風要來。」;而anticipate也是國際英檢的常見單字,也很容易跟expect產生混淆,anticipate其實帶有「可以預測;並能夠提前有所作為」,所以我們提到:財經專家可以預測股票市場會因為投資客信心不足而變得有點萎靡不振-The financial analyst can anticipate that the stock market will get bleak due to investors' lack of confidence. (B)不論在實境口說或是閱讀測驗裡,都很常見到同學容易把"EXPECT"和"EXCEPT"弄混,不僅僅是表面的拼法很雷同,不專心的時候很容易選錯字呢!那麼我們就來看看她們的使用時機吧! 小測驗時間:請依照句意填入expect / except 1.The teacher has been ___ing the higher attendance of the Saturdays' outing. 2.Everyone will attend the field trip ______ Brian. Answer 1. expecting 2. Except (C)一提到國民的平均壽命,許多學習英文的朋友們都會提早想到longevity這個單字,其實longevity就是長壽的意思,看到前面的LONG就不難理解了。現在許多的節目都在討論怎樣的飲食養生可以延長壽命,也因為隨著醫學技術的進步我們的國民壽命也不斷的往上爬升,而中文中的【平均壽命】可以叫做【life expectancy】;而一個人的壽命,就可以叫做LIFESPAN。千萬不要因為老師大寫這個單字就嚇到不敢背,其實這個單字很重要喔!因為SPAN可以當作"名詞"的一段時間,還有"動詞"的橫跨一段空間或距離;short attention span也是很常用的生活用語,代表「能夠專注的時間很短」,這對於學習上是很辛苦的!身邊許多朋友也有點short attention span障礙,一部電影在家裡看要分三段才能看完,這樣會讓一件可以在一小時內完成的CASE,可能要要花上雙倍的時間才能完成。那麼讓我們一起來看看英文句子吧!EX.:With advancement of technology, most children exposed to electronic devices will tend to have short attention span on studies.(隨著科技的發展,許多暴露在電子設備的孩子們都會容易有注意力無法集中的狀況。)EX.: This bridge will span from the Tamsui from Bali and it enables all forms of vehicles and pedestrians to go across. That's way too time-consuming. (這座橋會橫跨淡水和八里,讓許多車輛和行人都可以通過,這是太省時間了。) (D)所以各位同學了解了EXPECT的用法和相對的狀況了嗎?那麼我們一起來複習一下相關的用語吧!Expect本身帶有期望與可以預料到某事情會發生;而anticipate不僅帶有可以預測到,還有能力提前有所作為(taken the pre-emptive)。另外Expect很常和另一個單字except(*除了….之外)搞混喔!如果要說到國民的平均壽命,就要立刻想起來life expectancy(比較*occupancy rate飯店入住率)《終極測驗》:except/ accept/ anticipate 的差異用法及詞性挑戰 1.We have an English lesson every day ____ Sunday. 2.Smith is a good man, _____ for his bad temper. 3.The Conservatives would not ____ such a suicidal reform, but Labour might well. 4.Since you also mentioned about the package design, we are now trying hard to consider to redesign it to reach the client's _____. 5.As of today, no late homework will be _______. 《終極測驗》:except/ accept/ anticipate答案篇 1.We have an English lesson every day except Sunday.除星期天外,我?每天有一堂英語? 2.Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper.史密斯除了脾氣不好外,是個好人。 3.The Conservatives would not accept such a suicidal reform, but Labour might well.保守黨不會接受這種無效改革,但勞工黨卻願意奮力一搏。 4.Since you also mentioned about the package design, we are now trying hard to consider to redesign it to reach the client's anticipations.既然你也提及產品的外包裝,我們也正努力在考量怎樣的設計可以符合客戶原先的期待。 5.As of today, no late homework will be accepted. 截止到今天而已,就不再接受遲交的作業了。看完今天統整完EXPECT表達語,相信不管任何程度的同學都可以有深入淺出的理解,以後要表達英文時就可以勝任愉快。 -
輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (六) 天生好「手」
手,hand,是一個非常簡單的單字,即便是小學生,也對這個單字不陌生,但其實,這是一個非常的好用的單字,在日常生活中很常使用。我們來想像一下,手的感覺,好,然後你就發現接下來我們要學的片語或句子,真的好好記喔! 當有人走進來突然跟你說,Can you give a hand?這句話在字面上聽起來是「你可以給我一隻手嗎?」是對方要跟你握手?還是要牽手呢?你可別含羞脈脈地把手遞給他,或者是拿出抽屜裡愛的小手然後問他要哪一隻?對方其實是要是要請你「幫他一個忙」!意思是希望對方伸出手援助的意思,所以,當我們給人家一隻手give somebody a hand,就是去幫助別人,而需要一隻手need a hand,或者是想要一隻手,want a hand就是需要幫助,很簡單吧!所以我們要跟人家說,幫個忙吧!可以說,Would you please give me a hand?可不可以請你幫我一個忙 或How about giving me a hand?幫個忙如何?當然我們也可以在後面加上要幫助的事情,比如說,問對方需不需要幫忙做家事,那就可以說,Would you need a hand with the housework? 但是,我們要注意的是,有時候我們會聽到人家說,Let's give her a big hand.讓我們給他一隻大的手,那可不是說要大大的幫助對方,那是指,對方的表現很好,讓我們給他掌聲鼓勵,要拍手鼓掌的意思。不過有一點一定要叮嚀大家的是,雖然鼓掌一定要用兩隻手,但是,使用give somebody a big hand這個片語的時候,切記,hand一定要用單數的用法喔!所以跟我唸一次,給我一隻手來幫幫我,給我一隻大手來拍拍手,我知道你會說麋鹿兒你好幼稚,我知道啊,但是,記得清楚最重要,方法是什麼就不要太計較囉! 接下來,手有兩隻,所以,當事情有兩面的時候,我們通常也會用到跟手有關的片語,我們亦表示一方面如何,另一方面又如何的時候,就會使用到…on the other hand,…這個片語,字面上看起來,on the other hand是在另一隻手上的意思,但是正確的意思是「另一方面」,一方面你會很多時間在這件事情上面,另一方面,他會讓你學到很多東西,It will take you a lot of time , on the other hand, you can learn a lot about it. 接下來我們要來看一些跟hand有關的有趣片語,比如說,看過周星馳賭神或賭聖系列電影有的朋友,一定對最後的帥氣「梭哈」場景很有印象,梭哈就是show hand,除了梭哈,也很常聽到,下好離手,下好離手就不能再碰牌了,所以如果聽到Keep your hands off.那就是叫你把手拿開,別碰的意思,通常警告意味濃厚,有時候在路上,也會看到很多T-shit上面會印很可愛的話,比如,愛吃醋女友會穿上印有KEEP YOUR HANDS OFF MY BOYFRIEND.別碰我男朋友!的T-shit或者,愛女心切的老爸,會穿KEEP YOUR HANDS OFF MY DAUGHTER.別碰我女兒!之類的衣服,來宣示主權,甚至有些餐廳會貼著印有KEEP YOUR HANDS OFF THE WAITRESS.之類的牌子,是不是覺得很有趣,不過搞笑歸搞笑,如果我們在牌子上面看到Hands off,那很簡單,就是不要碰或不要摸Don't touch啦!你可別傻傻的去碰碰看喔! 此外,hand還可以當動詞使用,指的是「交、遞」的意思,在課堂上,我知道大家最怕老師說,交作業,這時候你就會聽到老師說,Please hand in your homework. 此時你就必須要乖乖交出作業,You have to hand in your homework to your teacher. hand in 的意思跟 turn in 以及 submit的意思是一樣的,有時候會聽到老師說,沒交作業的,舉手,Hands up!這時候你要時沒交作業,就乖乖的raise your hand吧!等小老師登記完才能把手放下,當手舉得很痠,聽到Hands down!就可以鬆一口氣,把手放下,老師改完作業,小老師就會把作業發回來,就會用到hand out,就是手伸出去把東西給出去的意思。 講到hand當動詞使用表示「交、遞」東西給人家的用法時,有一個非常好玩的用法,大家一定要學起來喔!比如說,今天考試結束, 麋鹿兒回家跟爸爸說,"Dad, I passed all my exams with flying colors." 那麋鹿爹回答麋鹿兒,"Sweetie, I've got to hand it to you. You have performed very well." 麋鹿兒的爹要交給糜鹿兒什麼呢?其實,麋鹿兒的爹爹是要讚美麋鹿兒真的是太棒了,所以當我們聽到外國人說I've got to hand it to you !,是否跟接力賽跑有關連呢?還是他要交什麼東西給你呢?都不是,是要說你真的好棒棒!揪熬誒啦!順便提一下,flying colors是「勝利、成功」的意思,所以剛剛的對話就是,麋鹿兒回家跟爸爸說,「爸,我所有的考試的成績都很優喔!」麋鹿爹回答麋鹿兒,「小甜心,我得好好誇誇你,你真是棒透了!」 I've got to hand it to you!是把某人心中對於其他人的優異表現用言語表達出來,將內心的訊息傳遞給對方,說「你真是太棒了!」顯然這種用法中,我們看到的 it 就是「心中的讚賞」囉!同樣用來表達讚美的有:Good job ! 或 You did a good job ! 「幹得好!」或是 Way to go ! 「就是這樣嘛!」,還有 Nice going !、Well done !、Excellent ! 或 Awesome !,都可以表達中文中的「讚!」,通通一次打包學起來吧!讚美的話不嫌多囉! 最後,我們要來釐清三個很容易混淆的片語,分別是at hand、on hand、in hand跟by hand。這些都是非常好用又簡單的副詞片語,我們只要稍微花一點時間來記一下使用的時機就可以了。 At強調的是一個點,通常,當學生最討厭的就是The midterm exam is at hand. 期中考快到了。at hand 在時間上指即將到來的、在狀態上則是指在手邊的,而在區域上,指的是在附近的,比如,我是認真用功的學生,我上課時手邊都會準備筆記本,我就可以說,I always have my notebook at hand in class. 而 on 本來就是在…上面的意思,on hand 就是用來形容手頭上有什麼資源可以運用,這時,on hand 解釋為「手頭上有…」的時候,on 可以替換成 in,on hand=in hand,例如,I have no money on hand. 就可以說,I have no money in hand. 我手頭上沒有錢。但如果on hand是指是手頭上的、待處理的時候,就不可以換介系詞了。例如,I will be super busy this week because there are much work on hand.我這禮拜會超忙,因為有太多工作要做了。 in 是在其中的意思,握在手裡的東西大部分都是自己可以掌握的對吧!當東西拿在手中,就代表那是可以掌握得住的,所以,in hand有手頭上的、正在進行的以及掌握住的意思。比如說,今天國文老師走進教室,發現同學桌上攤的是英文課本,老師馬上察覺到原因,將錯就錯,The teacher took the situation in hand after one minutes.老師在一分鐘後隨即掌握情況,用英文上中文,讓愚人節想整老師的學生們,哀鴻四起,這經驗大家都不陌生吧! 接著,要看的是by hand這個片語,因為東西是「被做的」,而被動態通常後面會接 by,翻譯成「藉由」,因此,by hand是指手製的、手工的hand-made,的意思,比如說這件毛衣是女朋友織的,有錢買不到,你就可以很大聲的告訴人家,This sweater is woven by hand.這件毛衣是手工織的。那你要炫耀跟女朋友手牽手,就可以說你們hand in hand. 對了,還記得我們以前學到顏色的時候有提到的菜鳥、生手怎麼說嗎?就是Green hand囉!他菜菜的,就可以說,He is green-handed. 還有,我們也有提到當場抓到某人做錯事,是現行犯,我們可以說catch someone red-handed「知新」也要「溫故」喔!今天學到這麼多跟手有關的用法,記起來了沒有呢?
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (五) 放假好好說
哇,因為彈性放假的緣故,接下來We have a four-days holiday.有四天的連續假期,真是太開心了,大家知道「彈性放假日」的英文怎麼說嗎?彈性放假可不能直接說成有彈性的假期喔!如果你說flexible holiday那就完全弄錯了彈性放假的意思,彈性放假是指我們把兩個假期中間的那一個非假日,也變成假日,也就像是在兩個假期中間搭上一座橋,把兩個假期連在一起,可以從這個假期抵達那一個假期,所以我們用bridge,bridge是「橋」的意思,想像連接假日與假日之間的那座橋,就是彈性放假日bridge holiday囉! 這一次的連續假期,是端午連假,在中國,三大節慶分別為,端午節the Dragon Boat Festival、中秋節the Autumn Moon Festival和農曆新年Chinese New Year。端午節的英文很簡單,端午節就是龍舟節,所以我們稱它為the Dragon Boat Festival,端午節又稱五五節,是農曆五月初五的節日,The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar.所以,也可以說是,Double Fifth Festival,農曆是依月亮而制定的曆法,所以稱為lunar calendar,lunar這個字就是跟月亮有關的。 端午節是一個值得慶祝的重大節日,有著悠久的歷史典故。講到端午節,免不了還是要提一下他的由來,其實大家都知道,端午節是紀念古代一位博學多聞的官吏屈原,他是一位愛民而且又受到尊崇的官吏,但是由於受到一充滿嫉妒的官吏所陷害,從此屈原在朝廷中被皇帝所冷落。而由於無法獲得重視,屈原便在憂鬱的情況下投汨羅江自盡。由於,屈原是在公元前277年的農曆五月初五跳入江河中淹死,由於屈原受到居民的愛戴,大家紛紛的划船在江內尋找屈原,並且將米丟入汨羅江中,以平息汨羅江中的龍dragon。 雖然他們當時並沒有找到屈原,但是他們的行為,直到今天在端午節的時候,仍然被人們傳頌紀念著,因此這一天,就變成了端午節,而划船尋覓屈原的行為,現在演變成龍舟競賽boat race,成為一年一度的盛事,而將竹葉bamboo leaves包滿熟飯cooked rice丟入水裡,讓魚可以吃米飯,而不是英雄詩人,這後來也變成了每年端午節吃粽子的習俗,我們一般把包著東西的麵食,稱為dumpling,所以餃子就是dumpling,粽子,我們則稱為rice dumpling或者直接念粽子的中文發音即可。 除了與屈原的傳說有關的活動,想到端午節,我們很容易想到白蛇傳的故事,其實,在端午節舉行慶祝活動是為了趨吉避凶,祈求整年避免疾病以及邪惡的入侵。The celebration is a time for protection from evil and disease for the rest of the year.五月是潮濕的季節,蚊蚋容易滋生,甚至連蛇都跑出來,所以我們會發現,每戶人家將艾草Moxa掛在門前,並且喝營養的雄黃酒Hsiung Huang Wine,小孩還會配戴香包Fragrant Sachets,甚至還有一個傳聞,若能在當天中午12點將蛋立起,那麼隔一年他將會是個幸運的人。If you manage to stand an egg on it's end at exactly 12:00 noon, the following year will be a lucky one.下次不妨試試自己的手氣與運氣喔! 放假固然讓人期待,放這麼長的連假真的有種拿到「天上掉下來的禮物」的感覺,但是,要記得,我們當然也不是白白享受假期的,有彈性放假就有補班補課日!所以,我們還是要補上班上課的,所以週六要補班補課就可以這樣說,The bridge holiday will have to be made up on the Saturday. 在這裏,我們用的動詞片語,是make up喔!因為這個片語有補救、修補的意思,但是除此之外,這個片語也有其他的用法,是很常見的片語。 make up 有彌補、合好、組成、編造等意思,是個很好用的片語喔!所以,這個片語一定要好好地介紹一下。比如說,我跟我女朋友吵架,但是很快就合好了,那就可以說,My girlfriend and I had a fight but soon made up.所以我因為跟女朋友吵架,心情不好,考得很糟,我想問老師可不可以讓我補考,我就可以說,Can I make up the exam?其實,我剛剛說的都是我虛構的,我就可以說,The story I told you was totally a lie. He made it up.我跟你說的故事都是謊言,我編的。其實我跟我女朋友感情好得不得了。你看,這片語是不是很好用,學英文很簡單,你下定決心要學英文了嗎?如果你要表示下定決心做某件事,還是可以用這個片語喔!make up one's mind 表示下定決心, I make up my mind to learn English.我下定決心要學英文,就可以這樣說。 其實,英文裡有很多不同的假,Holiday、Vacation、Days off、Leave、Break,都有放假、休息之意,但用法不同,來看看它們出現在哪些場合: 一般我們最容易混淆的假期就是Holiday和vacation,基本上,Holiday的意思是假日,holiday是holy+day,神聖的日子,像Christmas、New year各種節慶的放假就是 holiday。美國人的 the holidays或the holiday season,指的就是Christmas到New Year's Day的這段假期。而Vacation這個字,長得很像vacancy(空位),指停止工作或讀書等較長的空檔,像summer vacation。一般來說美國人愛用vacation,英國人喜歡holiday。從這裡可以約莫感受,英國人重視其背後的意義,美國人則強調享受放空。所以我們一般的假日,國定假日,一年三節,我們都用holiday,而寒假或暑假,我們用的就是vacation,或者有一大段空出來的假期,也可以用vacation.問人家用來度假還是出差,用的是Are you travelling on vacation or business? 你是來度假還是出差?但是如果強調對方一年到頭工作,沒有休假,就可以用He works all the year round , without a holiday. 至於是私人不上班,或休假,排班輪休之類的,那我們用的是day off,day off指不用上班,休息的日子或一段時間,如果是好幾天不上班,就用several days off,搭配的動詞是take。當然你也可以在前面加上明確的數字表示你有幾天不需要上班。至於如果你是請假的,那就要用leave(離開),這個字,leave則是指請假,請假用ask for leave、准假用grant leave;病假是sick leave而事假是personal leave;休假前寫一封通知給大家,休假通知叫on leave notice. 如果你只是想要休息,用break(中斷)這個字。break是指短暫休息,開會、上課間中場休息,我們會用take a break,而不是take a rest。後者指的是放鬆的休息。要特別注意的是,中文說的假日,通常連周末、周日也算在那,但外國人的weekend雖說是day off,但不是holiday也不是vacation,不可混為一談。如果是周末連續放假,一般會用long weekend。所以連續假期,通常包括週末週日對吧!那知道怎麼說了嗎?不是continual holiday喔!是long weekend啦! 其實放假的說法真的是大不同,弄清楚各種不同 「假」 的說法了嗎?祝大家端午假節愉快!別忘了一邊參與活動的時候,一邊想想英文怎麼說喔!
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (四) 「雨」眾不同
最近是濕淋淋的雨季rainy season,既然鋒面front來了,大雨小雨一直下,我們今天就來學一下,下雨要怎麼說,一般簡單表達下雨天,可以用雨rain這個字的動詞、名詞及形容詞來表達,基本上雨的名詞,雨水以及動詞,下雨,用的都是rain,只是擺放的位置不同,文法也要稍微注意一下,今天下雨可以用動詞說,It rains today. 要下雨了就用,It is going to rain.這裏的it 表示的是天氣,所以動詞是要加s的,記得主詞是第三人稱單數,動詞要加s,第二個句子裡因為他在to後面,我們就不加s。 如果我們用名詞就要記得,雨水不能數喔!所以,我們可以說今天有很多雨,We have a lot of rain today. 表示下雨天,不能在名詞後面加s,如果你問我,我家屋頂漏水,都一桶一桶的水,怎麼不能數?麋鹿兒要提醒你,如果不知道他到底可不可數,就記得一個很簡單的規則,看不到的不能數、形狀不固定的不能數,如果他有固定形狀,也要記得如果東西很難數、數起來很辛苦,然後去店裡買一顆會被白眼的,大致上都歸類在不可數,所以聰明的你一定知道不會去店裡買一顆米或一顆紅豆,他們當然不能數,你也不會問我有幾根頭髮,因為很難數,所以頭髮不可數,所以也別找自己麻煩去數有多少低語了,他們大原則上不可數,當然如果你要強調一滴雨,還是可以的啦。 雨rain這個字,如果我們在字尾加上y,那麼,他就變成形容詞rainy,It is rainy. It is a rainy day. 都可以簡單地表示下雨。 但是你可能會碰到這樣的情況,就是與有大雨、小雨、毛毛雨、狂風暴雨,該要怎麼表達呢? 我們先從最小的雨來看吧!一般來講,spit、sprinkle跟drizzle都可以用來表示下毛毛雨,他們的差異在於,spit這個字,當動詞時 ,表示的是 飄雨,當名詞時,表示的是,零星的雨,所以,在下毛毛雨了。我們就可以說,It's spitting.正在下毛毛雨。接著我們來看一般描述毛毛雨的用字,我們用的是drizzle,這個字當動詞則是表示下毛毛雨的意思,It's drizzling. 在下毛毛雨了。至於比零星小雨再大一點點的稀疏小雨,就是sprinkle,這個字也可以當動詞表示下小雨,如果你要表示,早上就開始下起毛毛雨了。你就可以說,It began to sprinkle in the morning. 不過當然到底是有多少毛毛的雨,基本上是自由心證的囉! 如果雨比較大,而且一陣一陣的,那我們就會用到陣雨shower 這個字,這個字當動詞,也就是下陣雨的意思,夏天常常有雷陣雨,如果你要表示,明天下午會有雷陣雨。那我們就可以說,There will be a thunder shower tomorrow afternoon.其實,shower是一個很生活的單字,他是淋浴的意思,所以去沖個澡,我們就可以說,Go and take a shower. 雨越下越大,已經從下小雨轉到下大雨的程度,那我們就可以用形容詞或副詞來修飾,基本上千萬不能說他是big rain喔!我們要用heavy這個字,這個字是重的意思,也可以拿來形容程度強,雨下很大不是雨滴大,是雨勢強,所以我們不能用big 或large,要用heavy,雨下得很大,我們就可以說,We are having a heavy rain.或者是,It's raining heavily.看出差異了嗎?當我們修飾名詞,要用形容詞,heavy,我們修飾動詞,就要使用副詞heavily。其實有一個副詞片語,大家很常用來形容程度的,就是very much,像是,好感謝你,Thank you very much.很熟對吧!我很喜歡跑步,I like jogging very much. 簡單吧!所以雨下很大也可以說It's raining very much. 如果是滂沱大雨呢?感覺就是雨一直從上面下來,那可以用,It's coming down.所以下次聽到有人這麼說,不要問什麼東西下來,從天上掉下來的東西,除了鳥屎,也就是雨而已啦!我們也很常聽到有人說,開始下貓下狗了,It's raining cats and dogs.乍聽之下,一定一頭霧水,其實,那也是下滂沱大雨的意思喔!有趣吧!如果雨給你的感覺是用倒的,那麼,我們用的就是pour這個字,這個字有倒、灌以及傾注的意思,聽到It's pouring. 就表示現在下的是傾盆大雨囉!如果現在正在下豪雨,那就是We had a downpour.至於暴風雨,我們用的是storm,又打雷又颳風又下雨,那就是thunder storm囉! 既然講到雨了,跟雨有關的片語當然要提一下囉!如果你聽到It never rains but pours.說的是,要嘛不下雨,要嘛就用倒的(大雨傾盆),就是要嘛沒事,要嘛倒霉事一直來,就是我們常聽到的,「屋漏偏逢連夜雨」,用來表示禍不單行的意思。如果你聽到有人說,I always save money for a rainy day.不要覺得他怪怪的,為什麼要把錢省來下雨天用,是為了要買傘還是買雨衣嗎?都不是,這句話的意思就是,我把錢存著以備不時之需的意思,我們可以把這裡的money替換成其他的東西,代表你留著這個東西以備不時之需,也就是中文常說的,未雨綢繆囉! 英語畢竟是外國語言,常常會每個字都認識,但串在一起不知道他在說什麼,所以關於他們的慣用語,我們要多記多用喔!在這裡還要提醒大家一個很常見的片語,如果你聽到,I feel as right as rain after taking the medicine. 腦袋瓜一定在想,這是跟雨一樣正確?還是跟雨一樣右邊?到底在講什麼,其實,這是說,吃完藥後我覺得好多了。as right as rain指的是一切正常,身體健康,很多片語真的不能就字面上解釋,那遇到了怎麼辦?學起來囉! 很多片語的由來也跟一地的習慣有關,美國盛行棒球,看球賽時,如果不小心遇到下雨天無法繼續進行比賽的話,一定大家覺得很掃興,所以,主辦單位就會發給現場觀眾一張入場券,讓他們下次可以憑券再次進場觀看球賽,所以 take a rain check就是改天約或下次再約的意思,學起來,就不會鴨子聽雷會錯意了,而我們的口語表達就可以更道地了。 在這裡順便提醒一下大家,梅雨季,雨下個不停,很潮濕humid,大家出們要記得帶雨傘bring an umbrella、穿雨衣 put on your rain coat以及雨鞋wear your rain boots,這裏要提醒一下,雨鞋都是靴子樣式的,所以用的是boots而不是shoes喔!如果你忘記了,可是會淋成落湯雞的,這時候一定會叨念兩句,我都濕透了,變落湯雞要怎麼說呢?很簡單,記得我們說,吸飽水的濕用的是哪個字嗎?對了,wet,所以你就可以說,I'm soaked wet.或者,I'm soaked to my skin. 以及I'm drenched.,這裏用到的soak 跟 drench 都是「浸濕、使濕透」的意思。下雨除了怕淋濕,一腳踩進大水坑huge puddle就慘了,這時候你就會希望每樣東西都是防水的waterproof了。不過偷偷告訴你,麋鹿兒在小時候超喜歡穿雨鞋去水坑踩水的,你也是嗎?
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
忙碌了一段時間,總是會想要找個方式紓解壓力。現代都市人多半都是去社區或地方的健身房利用運動器材達到燃燒脂肪或雕塑身材的效果,也可以在這樣充滿健康能量的空間遇到老朋友、親戚,甚至是公司同事可以小小敘舊一番。在歐美國家,其實除了工作上的交流互動和任務的專業分工,或在重要的交易談判替公司拿下大生意之外,你想要讓自己在老闆的心目中留下好的印象,其實還是有潛規則的;簡單來說,懂得放下公事包和換上時尚運動服裝配備,一起和平時在職場上的長官與主管,在運動場上較勁和比賽體能能耐,也是公司很看重的企業向心力和是否能夠融入團隊的指標之一。這時候,就不必放水或是假裝自己很遜了,一個MOVE就是要能夠展現自己的優勢和可以掌控球場的領導魅力。 球場就儼如職場般,你的專業能力其實也是各方面領域的強項融會貫通而成,單一面向的工作能力很難把一份工作駕輕就熟,也阻擋了未來更能發展的其他機會。所以我也很鼓勵身邊的同學,有機會就在大學期間挑戰雙主修,累積更多的競爭力和培養出國際觀與多元能力,甚至爭取出國實習的機會(如現在許多大專院校都有提供大三出國至東南亞國家企業去進行該領域企業實習,無疑地在履歷經驗上多了大亮點呢!);進入了職場,也要多多增加自己溝通上能夠達到言簡意賅,分享或提出建議前,要自行最清楚的重點列表,並且揣想主管或同事可能會提出的疑問,自己進行分析和檢討。什麼?我在公司要跟同事進行談話前,還要自己在家裡沙盤推演一番嗎?就算是從小開始參加無數語文競賽的老師,都要自己在每次講課前,先在腦海用重點列點出今天上課的內容和補充細節,這樣的準備可以讓自己比較有條理的去陳述看法,也同時可以提醒自己時間上的控管,也不要忘記給聽眾一點時間思考並吸收你的論點,最後給予對方問題,進行內容的回饋和深度記憶。 繼上次課程中的健康議題,引起許多班上同學的迴響,也認為是相當實用的!所以老師再接再厲地在今天幫努力的讀者們多整理一些相關內容。今年在法國旅行背包的時候,因為水土不服( be not acclimatized to)的關係,搞得自己上吐下瀉,疑似腸胃炎。後來拖著自己疲憊不堪的身軀到附近的藥局,努力用自己能夠發揮的英文去告知藥劑師自己的病症,然後對症下藥。要特別注意的地方是,別把所有藥師拿出的藥品都買下來,肯定會破產。當時老師整個喉嚨都腫痛到說不出話(cannot utter a word)來,真的是超級難過的,也是要說出關鍵字讓對方了解自己的需求和治療方法。 歐洲其實普遍都不太吃熱食,甚至早餐法國麵包配拿鐵,下午日本壽司,晚上蔬菜水果。基本上他們能夠不開伙就盡量避開用電子爐的機會,所以才會有COLD KITCHEN的生活習慣產生(近幾年有養生的概念風行,才有溫沙拉的概念出現)。比起我們從小被教育要吃熱食,甚至在夏天也要溫補的亞洲文化,真的是完全的不習慣,一路在法國展開強顏歡笑的旅程,看到各種甜點不顧身體還是給她吞下去,還洗腦自己說我要變成法國人的體質了,但果然是體質差很多,不敵當地的寒冷和寒食文化呢!接下來就告訴同學相關的說法和健康狀況的表達實用句喔! be accustomed to是從學生時期就很常見的片語,代表著"逐漸習慣去做"什麼事情的意思,而在accustomed這個單字是有學問的喔!因為其中的 ac: 使變成;轉向+ custom: 習慣) ,所以你如果從鄉村搬到都市工作就可以說*I used to live in the rural area, but now I am accustomed to residing in the city.(RURUAL鄉村的,老師喜歡教大家「滷肉飯」哪裡最好吃?"RURAL"(鄉村: 音近「滷肉」)就是鄉下傳統的的最夠味,是不是很好記呢?另外 be acclimatized to看似非常的困難,事實上就是"能夠適應當地風俗水土的"概念,因為在acclimatized中 的 in: 深入的+ac: 轉換成+custom: 當地的,就會變成適應水土;如果各位同學有外國朋友老是不習慣台灣的天候或是飲食習慣,就可以說One of my friends from the other country has difficulty getting himself acclimatized to Taiwanese weather and local delicacies. 所以今天我們快速學習了兩個重要的片語和相關的表達句: be accustomed to逐漸習慣去做 be acclimatized to適應當地風俗水土 &重要健康生活英文補充內容如下: (請同學利用中英翻譯來練習自己的口說能力和單字掌控能力喔!) 1.我正在發高燒。I am running a high fever. →RUN的常見系列表達: *run some errands跑腿去做 * run out of cash用光現金 * run into someone邂逅某人 * run over the stray animals輾過流浪動物 * run one's eyes over用眼睛掃過 * run the hot water開熱水 * run-down表演順序的行程表 * run a business from scratch白手起家創業 2.這是我連續拉肚子第三天了!This is the third consecutive day that I had diarrhea. *腸胃炎: stomach flu(=腸胃感冒了) →特別請同學注意到這個形容詞consecutive (連續的),因為中文裡習慣說「連續第三天」,但在英文的邏輯裡是說「第三個+連續的+天」。比如我們一起來看看這個例子。比如: 林先生今年是連續第五年獲得年度員工,如果是同學會怎麼去寫呢?要小心中式英文喔。準備好了嗎?一起來吧!答案就是This is the fifth consecutive year that Mr. Lin gets awarded with The Employee of The Year. 3.因為我已經便祕好幾周了,所以我就去附近的藥局買灌腸。I went to the nearby pharmacy for an enema because I have been experiencing constipation for weeks. →英文各種表達場合中,"阻塞"用的場合真的是不太相同。一早出門看到車滿為患又烏煙瘴氣,感覺心情就很差,這種交通阻塞就可以說traffic congestion;如果你覺得是心情「鬱悶」就可以說something on my chest(有事情壓在我心頭上);如果是腸胃的便秘就可以說constipation(=bowel congestion);如果是因為油膩飲食或長年累月的生活習慣而導致的「血栓」,在英文中就是CLOG,甚至馬桶被卡住也可以說CLOGGED;記得老師在之前的專欄有說,如果「泥菩薩自身難保」,就要be caught in one's drama;若是要趕往某個婚宴會場,可是發現自己困在車陣裡頭還可以說,I am totally stuck in the traffic jam while on my way to the wedding venue. →ENEMA灌腸,事實上在歐美並不常見,因為她們認為正常飲食就不會需要這種侵入性的藥物去治療,也會影響正常排泄的身體機制。台灣能看到的灌腸多半就是球狀物,裏頭就是帶有輕瀉的藥劑幫助排便,多半都是年長者或是長年臥床的病患需要正常排便才要使用。所以當老師到國外的藥局詢問有沒有ENEMA,大多都會先問說「你是要買給長輩的吧!」或「你應該是美國人喔!」因為他們的飲食都相當燥熱而且油膩,所以容易造成排便上的困難。另外國外的ENMEA可是一個針筒的大小,而且一次就要使用完畢,那個尺寸看到讓老師覺得怵目驚心,好像是給木柵大象的用量,有些可怕。之前在國外還有這個令人哭笑不得的新聞,因為有些大型動物長年累月總會有一些便秘的現象,為了他們的身體健康,會請獸醫評估並開藥品給那些動物吃下軟便劑或相關的藥物。一個動物園員工去親自幫大象通便,卻沒有想到下一秒,被累積兩周糞便淹沒,後來竟缺氧過久當場死亡! 4.喉嚨痛就要避免喝冷飲還有一些根據中醫理論為寒性的水果,像是西瓜、橘子,或木瓜。You have a sore throat and it's important to stay away from the cold drinks or some fruit, like watermelons, tangerines, or papayas, considered rather "cold" to your body according to the theory of Chinese medicine. 5.我整晚都輾轉難眠,因為我一直流鼻水呢!I tossed and turned all night long because I have a runny nose. & 容易混淆補充: Runny V.S. Running(練習時間) A. My nose is ___. B. I have a ___ nose. C. My nose has been ____. RUNNY: 持續狀態(間歇性的) V.S. RUNNING:當下發生(一直流鼻水) A. (running) B. (runny) C. (running). 6. 我兒子扭傷他的腳踝,他需要藥膏貼布來減緩疼痛。My son sprained his ankles and he needs some herbal paste to soothe his pain. 7. 雖然早晨咖啡可以讓我整個人醒過來,可是也會給我頭痛欲裂的感覺。這難道就是所謂的偏頭痛嗎?Although the morning joe could keep me wide, it still gave me the splitting headache. Could it be the migraine headache? 8.我今天其實覺得不太舒服,因為經期陣痛真的很難受。I am not feeling well today because the menstrual pain really bothers me. 9. 我牙齦整個腫起來而且醫生有說我大概是感染了細菌。多休息和睡一下應該會有幫助的!My gums are terribly swollen and the doctor told me it should be the sign that my body has come down with something. Taking more rest and some shuteye should help. 10.在下午時和同學打完籃球後,我就突然昏倒了。我朋友拿些水給我補充,因為身體呈現脫水的狀態了。這就是所謂的中暑!Suddenly, I had the blackout after playing basketball with my classmates in the afternoon. My friends brought me some water to supplement my body in a dehydrated state. It is so-called " heat stroke".
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (三) 溫涼濕冷熱
關於溫度的表達,我們在上一篇中提到了涼跟冷的各式各樣說法,今天我們要來學習如何表達溫暖、熱跟潮濕的概念,並學習相關的片語與用法。首先,我們來看warm這個字,基本上,大家對這個字都還蠻有概念的,用來表達跟溫暖有關的事物,所以,我們用來表示和煦的天氣,就可以用nice and warm來表達;天冷要穿保暖的衣物,就是put on the warm clothes; 通常,溫暖的色彩會讓人精神一振,所以鮮明的色彩可以用warm colors,就是暖色系,如果是指很明亮的淺色系,我們會用bright colors,如果一個人很熱心,我們可以說He has a warm heart他古道熱腸,而他熱烈地歡迎我們,就可以說He gave us a warm welcome。 至於跟warm 有關的片語當中我們最常見到的就是warm up ,這個片語就字面上來說,就是溫暖度上升,所以用來表示天氣,就是指天氣變暖的意思,比如說,According to the weather forecast, it is going to warm up next week.根據氣象預報,下週天氣會開始變暖。如果我們用來形容人,那就是指運動前的暖身運動,比如說,你在運動前必須要暖身,就可以說You have to warm up before you do exercise. 如果我們用在一般的設備上,比如說機器或者汽車的引擎,那我們指的是暖機的意思,像是表示,天氣冷了,要先暖車才能發動,上班前要先暖車,你就可以說, It was so cold outside that I had to let my car warm up before leaving for work. 外面非常冷,出門上班前我必須先暖車。warm up除了當作暖身、暖機跟天氣變暖,他還可以用在食物上,如果我們想請別人把食物加熱,我們就可以說 Could you warm the soup up, please?可以請您幫我把湯加熱嗎?當然,你可以把soup替換成任何你想要加熱的食物喔!那如果我們把一個場合的氣氛炒熱,我們也可以用這個片語,比如說,The host is responsible for warming up the crowd prior to the concert.在演唱會開始前,主持人負責炒熱觀眾的情緒。你看,warm up這片語真的太厲害了,好好用喔!一定要記起來喔! 接下來,我們要來看的是熱hot,這個字除了表示溫度上很熱之外,他還有很多其他的意思,我們也可以用它來表示很熱情,或者「很辣」包括東西很辣The pepper is hot.辣椒很辣,或者是人很辣,指很吸引人的意思。當然如果我們說這個東西很hot是表示這個東西很流行、很熱門、很夯,它也有很有趣的用法喔!如果你聽到人家說,小的水壺很快就熱了,A little pot is soon hot.這是講人家肚量小,愛生氣的意思,因為這句諺語,指的是壺小易熱,量小易怒。 回歸到溫度的表示,通常我們表示天氣很熱,我們最常聽到的說法是,It's a hot day.但其實,我們也可以用其他更生動的形容來表示天氣很熱,比如說,天氣熱的時候都會有種快被曬到溶化的感覺,就可以說,I am nearly melting! 我簡直熱到快溶化了!如果說,你覺得熱到快要燒起來了,那就可以說,It is burning hot! 天氣超級熱!或者,可以用boiling 來替代,意思是熱到快沸騰了,和 burning 有異曲同工之妙喔!另外,也可以用 I am burning hot! 我好熱喔!如果想描述太陽大到快把人灼傷的情形,就可以用 scorching 這個單字,你可以說,Today is scorching hot. 今天的天氣非常炙熱。如果覺得快要熱死了,你就可以說,你要被熱殺掉了,The heat is killing me! 我快被熱死了!如果太熱,是會中暑的,我熱到快中暑了,就是I'm going to get heatstroke.參加四月十二城隍遶境的大家,一定特別能感受到這塊島上信眾的熱情與金門太陽的熱度,It's so hot. I am going to melt. 我熱到快要融化了,你呢? 特別要提到的是,通常在酷暑來臨之前,我們會經歷雨季,所以濕熱的天氣是一定會遇到的,一般我們用來形容濕,最普遍且簡單的字就是wet,但是,這個字是指飽含水分或浸泡在水中的,常會用來形容完全濕透的狀態,當我們用這個字來形容天氣時,所說的wet weather其實就等同於rainy。所以,如果你想要表達的是,如果不帶把傘,你大概會濕透,我們就可以說,Without an umbrella, you would get wet through.或者,Without an umbrella, you would get completely wet. 如果只是有點濕又不會太濕,那我們會用moist這個字,指的是最低程度的濕,而且是一種剛剛好、非常舒適的感覺,通常用來形容某事物稍微濕潤的狀態。我們用這個字來形容天氣時,最常用來說霧fog所形成的薄薄的、舒服的潮濕,也常見人家用來形容土壤或者食物等等,比如說,我們要表示土壤必須有足夠水分讓種子發芽。就可以說,Soil must be moist enough for seeds to grow.或有的人很喜歡吃濕濕軟軟的糕點類食物,我們就可以這樣說,Moist chocolate cake is her favorite.有點濕軟的巧克力蛋糕是她的最愛。提醒大家一下,這種時候千萬要記得,可不能用wet喔!如果我們用 wet來形容,那這個蛋糕肯定是像泡過水了的一樣,一點也不美味了。 最後要跟大家談到的是,如果我們要形容大氣中富含大量水氣,尤其指水氣過度飽和令人感到悶熱難耐的天氣,我們就可以用humid 濕熱的,這個字來表示,比如說,夏天天氣很濕熱,It's humid in summer.但是,要特別注意的是,這個字僅僅只能用來形容天氣或空氣的濕度狀態喔,可不能拿來形容其他的!除了humid,我們要形容又熱又潮濕,也可以用sultry 這個字,至於濕冷,還記得嗎?是用到我們上一次跟大家說的damp喔!所以其實濕度有很多種,畢竟不是每樣東西都泡在水裡一般濕漉漉,不要懶懶地用一個wet就想要混過去了,有時候我們查字典,會看到跟潮濕有關的同義字,可能會一次出現這wet、humid、damp跟moist這幾個字,如果沒有特別注意,大家可能會覺得都差不多,隨便用一個都沒關係,其實差異蠻大的,經過說明,是不是有比較清楚了呢?要記得,最容易混淆的字是,moist濕熱、humid微濕以及damp濕冷這三個字,只要分清楚,就沒問題了,至於濕度上的差異,大概是 wet>humid=damp>moist,也就是,幾乎全濕>濕熱或濕冷>有點濕,換成中文來看很簡單吧! 有關溫度上的溫、涼、濕、冷、熱的表達方式,告一段落,不要忘記回頭複習一下我們之前學到的喔!這樣我們對於各種跟溫度有關的英文的表達就可以更到位了。
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My Special Place
I have been on Kinmen for several months - which can hardly be considered a long period of time - and I still have many places to see, such as Mount Taiwu or one of Kinmen's many beaches. However, in the short time I have spent on Kinmen, I have already found a few places that have left me with a deep impression. These places are important to me not because of their environment, but rather because of the feelings that they have instilled in me. These places make me think of earlier, happier memories. I have even started seeing these places as second homes. Whenever I am sad or uncomfortable, I will go to these locations to relax, forget about life's troubles, and remember how fortunate I am. I will point out two places, but hope to continue to find more gems on Kinmen. The first time in Asia, I was an exchange student in Beijing. At the time, I did not have many friends because it was my first time abroad, I did not know how to communicate with the locals yet, and I had a lot of pressure from studying Chinese. I was pretty depressed and easily agitated - even the smallest of matters could make me uncomfortable. Originally, I figured that staying in my room might be the best option; however, I later learned that this approach only added to my loneliness. I instead decided to go to a nearby coffee shop and relax. The environment in that coffee shop was relaxing and peaceful, and it pleased be greatly. From that moment on, I had a fondness for coffee shops. Once I arrived on Kinmen, I started my search for a suitable coffee shop and found a great little placed called "Boss Coffee." The first time I went there I ordered BBQ chicken wings and a glass of bubble tea. They told me to go upstairs and wait for my food. While waiting, I peered through the window that looked onto Jincheng's bustling streets below, and I was able to appreciate Kinmen's interesting scenery. From then on, I have been a loyal customer at Boss Coffee, often going many times a week. I especially love their chocolate waffles and milk tea, although I have an even deeper appreciation for their atmosphere. Whenever I have a lot of work, I will head over to Boss Coffee to get my work done in the relaxing atmosphere. I have even brought some friends along to enjoy the coffee shop with me! I really appreciate the wonderful memories I am making at the coffee shop and hope that I can meet more friends and introduce them to this special place. Before, I came to Asia to study. I have graduated this past May, and this is my first time in Asia as a working adult. At first, I was worried. I did not know what my school might be like or if they would accept me. However, after six months, I have come to love my school, Jin Ning Middle School. The students are very studious and happy, and they love to chat. Every time they happily greet me with a "Hi." My coworkers have also been warm; they are eager to answer and solve any issue. Every morning, the school is full of teachers and students giving morning greetings. I had no idea the school would be this kind; this left a very strong, good impression. Now, going to work is a passion. I love helping students ignite their passion for learning English, as well as widening my coworkers' understanding of the English language. Whenever I have free time, I love to walk around campus and enjoy the scenery. Many of the flowers are still blooming and the students are running around - playing sports and other activities. When I think about having to leave this wonderful school, I am sad! Fortunately, my memories of my co-workers and students will never leave me. I am still a young, just recently turning twenty-four, and have not been to many places. In few months, I return to America. I hope to take what little time I have left on Kinmen and dedicate it to being a better teacher and a better explorer. I want to explore Kinmen's delicious cuisine, appreciate even more beautiful sights, and meet many different kinds of people and communities on this island. Before my time here ends, I hope to accumulate as many good memories as I can and etch them into my heart, so the memories of all the great places will remind me how fortunate I am. I have no idea how different my next city will be from Kinmen. All I know is that when I move, I may need to start again: find new friends, great new restaurants, and new scenery. However, I know that I never will forget the memories of these - and many other - special places on Kinmen. 讓我印象深刻的地方 我已經在金門好幾個月了,說長不長,說短不短, 還有很多地方我還沒去過,像是太武山還有金門沿岸的海灘等等。然而,在這段時間裡,我已經找到了一些讓我印象非常深刻的地方。不是因為這些地方的風景,而是因為這些地方帶給我很特別的感覺。這些地方讓我聯想到很多快樂的回憶,而我也把它們當作我的第二家,每當心裡不舒坦的時候,來到這些地方就會讓我感到放心、忘記生活中所遭遇到的困難,並且讓我記得自己是很幸福的。在這篇文章中,我會提到兩個地方,但我還是希望可以找到代表金門的璀璨珍珠。 我第一次來亞洲就是去北京當交換學生。那時我沒有什麼朋友,因為這是我第一次離開美國,我不知道要怎麼和當地人聊天,再加上學中文的壓力非常大,所以那時我太不開心,很容易因為小事而感到懊惱或不安。我原本以為最好的做法就是待在宿舍,可是時間一長就發現這並不是最好的辦法,而且這會讓我感覺更鬱悶更孤單。所以我去了宿舍附近的咖啡店,那邊的氣氛平和又輕鬆,讓我覺得很開心。 從那之後,我就喜歡去咖啡店休息。因此,當我到金門以後,也開始尋找適合我的咖啡店。好在金城有很多家,我找到一家叫Boss Coffee。第一次去就點了他們的烤雞翅和一杯珍珠奶茶。他們請我到樓上等餐,我就趁這個機會透過旁邊的窗戶,細細觀看金城街道上的熙熙攘攘。我現在常常光臨這家咖啡店。 我很喜歡這邊的巧克力鬆餅以及珍珠奶茶,不過我更喜歡這裡快樂的氣氛。當我有很多工作需要做時,我就會到這家咖啡店,在愉快的氣氛下完成我的工作。有時候也會有朋友和我一起去, 我很珍惜在這家咖啡店的美好回憶。我也希望有更多機會,讓我介紹我最喜歡的咖啡店給我的朋友。 以前來亞洲是為了學習中文,而當我在去年五月畢業時,我踏上了第一次身為老師的亞洲之行。我原本很擔心,不知道我的學校會是怎麼樣的或者他們會不會願意接受我,然而在金門六個月後,我發現我已經愛上了我的學校,金寧國中。這邊的學生都非常認真,常常都會跟我說 "Hi!" 我的同事們也都非常熱情。每當我有問題時,他們都非常樂意幫助我。每天早上到學校時,總是有許多學生以及老師互說早安。我沒想到學校會有這樣熱絡的氣氛,這讓我印象非常深刻。現在我喜歡去學校上課,喜歡激發學生對於學習英文的熱情,以及幫助我的同事們增加英文知識。我有空就會去校園走走,欣賞四周美麗的景色,看著百花盛開,以及很多學生快樂地玩耍。不過我偶爾會感到一些難過,因為我知道幾個月後,我就會離開我的學校、離開我的同事、離開我的學生。雖然我會離開他們,但是他們對我所留下的回憶,會一直在我的腦海裡。 現在我才二十四歲,所以去過的地方不算很多。距離回美國的時間還剩下幾個月,所以我希望有空的時候,可以探索更多更深的金門。品嘗金門的美食、欣賞金門美麗的地方、認識金門有趣的人以及結交更多新朋友。在我回美國之前,我希望把在金門所有美好的回憶刻在我心中。這個地方帶給我的美好回憶會安慰我,並提醒我是幸福的。我不知道我所要去的下一個城市和金門的區別會不會很大,但是我清楚地知道這又會是一個新的開始,到那時會需要結交新朋友、新的餐廳,以及讚嘆有美麗風景的地方。但無論結果是什麼,我都會聯想到在金門的這段短而快樂的時光,而我也永遠不會忘記,金門的這個地方留給我的印象。
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (二) 溫度多變化──涼冷
最近天氣多變化,所以今天我們要來學習溫、良、恭、儉、讓,啊!不是啦!是,溫、涼、濕、冷、熱,今天麋鹿兒要跟大家來聊聊溫度temperature的表達,不要懷疑,就是冷cold熱hot溫warm涼cool,不要小看這幾個字,就這四個字也可以表達很多不同的意思喔!而且,不同程度的冷、熱跟濕也有不同的表達方式。 我們先來看,大家最頻繁使用的字cool,這個字大家都不陌生,基本上用來表示溫度,是指涼爽的意思,因此,要表達秋高氣爽,我們就可以用cool形容,Cool算是使用率超高的一個字,因為他真的好好用喔!我們很常用來形容很棒、很帥、很酷等等,可是,我們今天要從只會說,哇!你好酷喔!Cool! 再厲害一點點喔!我們其實可以用其他的字,像是sweet、awesome來形容酷,也有些很出乎人意料之外的字眼可以在口語上形容很酷喔,像chill、tight、甚至是dope或legit,我們今天也順便讓「酷」升級一下喔! 有關於「酷」的幾個常用字中,awesome本身的意思就是極好的、驚嘆的以及令人敬畏的,所以用來形容很酷,是很容易理解的,比如,昨晚的表演真是太精采了!就可以說,The show last night was awesome! 而sweet一般是指甜的、甜美的、貼心的意思。也可以表示很正點、很棒跟很讚。像是老師不出作業就是超甜超正點的啦!你就可以說,李老師昨天沒出作業,正點!Mr. Lee didn't assign any homework today. Sweet!至於chill,平常是用來表示寒冷的,也可以表示很酷。而tight這個字一般的意思是緊的、緊湊的,但在口語上也可以形容很酷、很屌、很潮。比如,想跟帥哥搭訕,不要只問他How are you,你可以說,嘿,你今天穿得真帥!Dude, you're wearing some tight outfit today! 講到很酷、很屌、很潮,我們也可以用dope這個字,這個字原本的意思是指麻藥和毒品,現在則廣泛用於形容某人事物很酷、很屌、很潮,帥斃了,不過,要注意這個字畢竟原來的意思比較敏感一點,不是每樣東西都可以用的,不過,形容衣服是沒問題的喔!我們常在口語上使用的還有legit,這個字其實是從 legitimate 演變成口語的用法。一般是指合法的、正統的、正當的,口語上也可以當 cool 使用,比如,這首歌叫什麼?好酷喔!我們就可以說,What's the name of the song? It's legit! 只是要特別注意的是,如果是用seems legit 或是 sounds legit 的話,則是用來反諷一些事情很明顯是假的,要看清楚喔! 好了,我們回到cool這個字,我們很常聽到人家說cool as cucumber,可不是指跟小黃瓜一樣酷喔!小黃瓜一點也不酷,,夏天吃小黃瓜涼涼的,很舒服喔!跟小黃瓜一樣涼,指的是非常冷靜的意思!所以,千萬不要lose your cool失去冷靜,遇到事情的時候,Be cool. Everything will be all right. 我們千萬要cool down冷靜下來喔! 比cool溫度再低,我們就會用到cold這個字了,cold形容不保暖就會感冒的冷,所以,我「抓」到一個冷I catch a cold指的就是我感冒了,I have a cold.除了這些以外,cold者這個字通常有冷漠或者冷酷的意思,我們形容一個人的態度極為冷漠或冷淡,就可以用he is cold as ice來表達他冷漠得很。與cold有關的用語其實還蠻特別的,當你聽到I asked her for help yesterday, but he gave me a cold shoulder.時,可不要以為我跟他求助,他給了我一個冷肩膀,感覺畫面好血腥,其實,當一個人給你冷肩膀就代表他請你吃閉門羹,有趣吧!但比較好玩的是,如果我們說某人有一雙冷的腳,可不是說很冷,是說他臨陣退縮或者膽怯,比如說大家都聽說過「繞跑新娘」吧!她就是婚禮前臨陣退,縮繞跑了,我們就可以這樣說,The bride got cold feet just before the wedding and ran off. 有關於「冷」的形容詞,不是只有cold,除了cold常用的字有freezing、chilly,有時候我們也會看到bracing或者是frosty,如果拿來冷度比一比的話,最舒服的冷是bracing,一般的冷是cold,寒冷是chilly,冷到要結霜是frosty,快要凍死了就是freezing了。 我們就從最舒服的冷來看好了,大家一定覺得很奇怪,冷不就是冷的皮皮挫,哪來的冷得很舒服 (pleasantly) 呢?其實對住在寒帶國家的人來說,台灣冬天的冷還算不上真正的冷,而是會冷卻又很舒適的溫度,這種冷會使人清醒、精神振奮,就像在金門,一早走出去,吸一口冷空氣,覺得精神舒爽的那一種感覺。 接著,來看大家最常用的字,cold,一般而言,cold意味寒冷的,指的是一般知覺上的冷,不論是身體感覺對於氣溫或者某物體的低溫,都可以用cold來形容冷的狀態,是比較中性的說法,比如說,That was the coldest winter on record in Kinmen.那年是金門有史以來最冷的冬天。也可以用來表達He is used to taking a cold shower.他有洗冷水澡的習慣。 如果冷得有點難受,我們會用chilly來表達,chilly雖然也是很冷的意思,但是比cold多了一點不舒服的感覺,比如說冷風吹得臉感到刺痛,或是風竄進衣領的一陣冷意,尤其像金門冬天常常下雨很潮濕,往往冷氣團一來,氣溫驟降又風雨交加,那種穿了鞋襪都能感受到濕冷的難受感,最適合用chilly來表達,寒風刺骨的bone-chilling天氣還要爬起來上學,超痛苦的The wind is bone-chilling.= The wind chills me to the bone. 形容寒冷刺骨,冷風彷彿從皮膚滲透到骨頭裡,是非常生動的說法,我想,大家都有裹棉被還覺得濕冷不舒服很難睡的經驗吧!這時候就可以說,It was so chilly that I could not fall asleep yesterday.昨晚太冷了,我實在無法入睡。 frost是名詞指結霜,當氣溫夠低水氣又足夠時,地面可能會結霜,那時的氣溫已經在零度左右,通常這個字彙用來形容植物或地表被霜覆蓋的狀態,像金門的冬天常常降到三度左右,一早爬起來,草皮跟菜表面都覆蓋一層白白的薄霜,那就是frosty 冷到結霜啦!不要只用cold,用frosty,多到位啊! 冷到最高點,就是會結冰,當冷到結冰的時候,我們會用freezing 冷凍來表達,最直接的指標就是氣溫到達冰點 (freezing-point),但是不是一定要到零度才可以用這個字,當我們形容天氣冷到讓人感覺快要凍僵時,可能是氣溫真的非常低,也可能是一種誇飾感覺的說法。像我們要表達,我快冷死了!就可以用It's freezing!用 freezing形容冷到「凍未條」的感覺其實是一種很生動有趣的說法,比如,I am going to freeze out without their coats.我如果不穿上外套會凍僵,或I almost froze to death.我快冷死了。不過,要特別注意的是,freeze 有個著名的特殊用法,就是當警察拿著槍對著你時,他會大喊 "Freeze!",意思是 "Stop! Don't move!",站住,不要動,你這時候可千萬不要傻傻地繼續動或者回話,小命可能不保啊! 對了,如果冷就算了,還加上下雨,那就真的是很摧殘,通常我們形容濕冷,最簡單的就可以用到cold and wet,當然看冷的程度選擇用哪一個冷,不過,其實,我們也可以只用一個字就可以,那就是damp 濕冷的,damp 跟 humid非常相似,一樣令人感到不舒服的濕,但是humid指的是濕熱,damp通常用來形容又濕又冷的狀態。比如說金門冬天下雨又起霧,房子就會又濕又冷,就可以說,The house is cold and damp.
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
每條大街小巷遇到朋友都會主動關心說:「妳吃飽了嗎?」,在歐美國家則是會簡單的詢問:「妳今天順利嗎?」,或是在日本的友人也會彼此間問起天氣狀況如何,也可以就此了解對方現在目前的心情狀態。其實在英文裡有個詞叫SAD,並不是直接翻譯成-悲傷或沮喪,而是因為受到天氣變化的影響下,有了不同的情緒起伏。所以SAD原意是Seasonally-Affected Disorder,而跟天氣相關的表達詞語非常多,不知道同學還記得哪些?那就讓老師介紹一些常常在口語裡或閱讀中一定要知道的超級實用的必勝英文句吧! I feel under the weather!(我有點不舒服了!) 這句話在平常打招呼的時候,就是非常實用了!但僅限於親密的朋友與家人之間。因為其實不難發現,平常在街上偶遇鄰居剛好出門時,大家也只是輕鬆說句GOOD DAY?而你也以GOOD DAY! THANKS回答。其實並不會有太深入的交談,更不需要和外國人談心太多,對方早就不知道跑到幾個街區外了。或許你會覺得有點矯情,可是事實上外國人也有亞洲人的含蓄和避諱一些問題,比如說:宗教(religion)、婚姻狀態(marital status)、健康狀態(health condition)、工作收入( work income),或財務細節(details over one's finance)等。其實也是基於不麻煩對方,或是造成聽話者心裡有所負擔(be burdened with some issues from someone),才不會有太多解釋或是讓對方也負擔一些自己的問題。所以不要太介意與外國友人碰面時,對方很冷淡的回應又結束對方的方式,這是很正常的!只要簡單的說I feel great, thanks! Have a good day, and see you around!(我現在很棒呀!謝謝妳這麼關心;祝你有美好的一天,回頭再見囉!)所以隨時準備好輕鬆回答句,也讓你的英文學習更加順利和面對各種狀況可以得心應手。 I come down with something.(我可能感冒了!) 這裡翻譯起來可不是"我下樓帶著某個東西",因為在英文裡頭很少明說"I am terribly sick"(我病得很重了!)這個概念就像前述的理由相同,所以一定要特別注意到come down with要表達的就是"可能感染一些流行病"(類似流行感冒flu=influenza),意指"我目前不舒服,大概是感冒或是過敏吧!"讓彼此都有個空間去緩衝,因為你永遠不知道對方對於你的狀態有什麼反應!要是他剛好大病初癒,你就劈頭說"I got terribly ill after visiting my grandpa at the hospital. The in-patients might carry viruses and passed them to me. Gosh, I am so doomed"(我去醫院探視爺爺後,我就病倒了。住院病人感染了病毒,可能都傳染給我了。天阿!我要大病一場了!)老師身邊就有這種朋友,隨時要帶殺菌消毒液,萬一他聽到以上這句英文,這種GERMPHOBIA(恐懼病毒症)的人,大概要直接大叫一聲暈倒給你看吧!所以,小心用字,也是個貼心的表現呢! I need to call in sick this morning.(我今早必須打電話請病假。) 今天早上突然覺得眼睛腫腫,全身痠痛,好像一點力量都沒有,只能軟綿綿躺在床上,BUT你要上班耶!你還有在辦公桌上面成堆的文件要處理,那該怎麼辦呢?外商公司的老闆大概不會接受我明天再去好好請假吧!那怎麼用英文說"我要打電話去請病假"呢?如果用以往的英文去理解,可能就會寫出I have to call the company to tell that I am really sick now and cannot make it to work this morning.其實這麼長的句子只要用神奇的三個字,沒錯,就是三個字: CALL IN SICK,就可以完美的表達你想要說明"打電話請病假"這個事情,而且通常你還可以跟老闆說:『I have to call in sick this morning because I need to go see a doctor and take a half day off . I f I feel better after taking the medicine, I will resume my work afterwards.』(我今天必須打電話請病假,因為我要去看一下醫生。如果吃完藥我狀況還良好,我下午就會去上班了!)(=其實就是請半天假的意思) It's drizzling out there.(外面下起毛毛雨了!) 說到下雨天,每個朋友都會恨得牙癢癢,要是正逢周末時間,真是氣死一堆辛苦一周想好好放鬆的上班族了!不管是原訂要出外踏青、開車兜風或是騎著小摺車飽覽沿路風景,都會往室內鑽,百貨公司或是電影院立刻就會變成現成的避難所了!那麼其實各位同學可以順便回想各種雨勢的英文應該怎麼說呢? 以上的整理讓各位同學,在下雨的時候可以輕鬆說出符合當時天氣情境的英文了! How freezing it is! I should put on my coat.(冷死了!我應該把大衣給穿上) 每次氣溫驟降,路上的行人都紛紛披上自己的"戰袍"---防風大衣(Wind-breaker/ Windstopper),有些需要前往雪地的朋友們,就會立刻購入一件SEAMLESS COAT(無縫防風大衣);如果想要來點英國紳士風,幻想自己是緝凶高手的大偵探福爾摩斯帥氣進入犯罪現場的話,就可以穿上OVERCOAT(過膝防風防雨大衣)。當然,各位同學原本在學習"寒冷"這個字,多半都會直接說出"COLD"這個家常便字,但其實在英文裡面對於溫度變化的字眼是分得很細微的喔!請看以下小圖表: 多益聽力考題TOEIC(第二大題)提醒: Q: What's the weather like? (天氣如何呢?)Ans: You should put on the coat.(你該把大衣給穿上=外頭很冷的意思。) You have a runny nose and it seems you are running a high fever. You should go see a doctor.(妳已經在流鼻水和發高燒了,妳應該要去看看醫生。) 在國外醫療保險是相當昂貴的,每個家庭基本上都會有家庭醫師,每隔一段時間就會去拜訪妳的家人,然後進行慢性病或是身體基本診療,在決定要不要轉介給其他大醫院進行深入的醫護治療;當年在加拿大求學時,身邊許多朋友都會很關切地問起我是否有牙齒及身體其他部位的意外重大保險,當時完全是丈二金剛摸不著頭緒,想說大概就是比照台灣的健保制度應該沒這麼複雜。台灣在健保制度上的努力,是許多國外朋友很羨慕的,因為她們連基本的牙齒保健或是配眼鏡相關的基本項目,都需要很高額的保險才能夠進行診療。 連最簡單的隱形眼鏡,在台灣是走進任何有販賣隱形眼鏡的商店,甚至連一些連鎖藥妝店也可以簡單選購,就像進去手搖飲料店般,點出自己的需求規格就可以輕鬆完成購物;相對地,在加拿大可是要先經過專業的驗光人員(OPTICIAN)判斷度數,然後先收一筆費用。接著就要繼續進行鏡片的挑選和適合妳的需求的醫療鏡片,有時候就要耗了一個小時以上去走以上的程序,然後還要花了一大筆錢,只為了一副隱形眼鏡或是配一副眼鏡。要是因為度數不符合客戶的狀況而發生了交通意外事件,到時後追究責任歸屬鬧上法院,賠得可能就是原本諮詢費的N倍以上,所以不可不慎。這是許多在台灣的妳我很難理解的繁文縟節(RED TAPE)呢! Take more rest and wish you a speedy recovery!(多休息一下,希望妳早日康復!) 對於商場上的客戶,每天見面的同事,甚至是很常碰面的鄰居們,遇到對方身體不適或是氣色有些不好,而對方也表明自己有些身體不快,就可以立刻說Take more rest and wish you a speedy recovery,對方會覺得非常溫馨,而且也對於妳道地英文感到印象深刻。這句話在書面語或是口頭上的表達,都是非常貼切的用字,書到用時方恨少,所以現在要好好儲備自己的英文實力,才可以在生活的每個場景中都可以游刃有餘去進行有效率的溝通喔! Put the scarf around your neck and keep your body warm. Perhaps a cup of hot ginger tea can help you ward off the cold.(把圍巾圍住脖子,讓自己保持溫暖。或許一杯薑母茶可以讓妳有驅寒的效果。) 一想到天氣變寒冷,老師就想到之前去法國前,買了三雙stockings(長襪)、gloves(手指分開的手套) V.S. mittens(手指連在一起的手套:隔熱套、棒球手套)、scarf(圍巾)、hand warmer(暖暖包)等等的東西。要特地注意的是:歐美的旅社或旅館很少主動提供熱水,多半都會跟著她們的餐廳吧台營業時間同步,有時候要杯熱水比登天還難,如果自己帶電湯匙或許可以解解燃眉之急;好笑地,老師之前自己用電湯匙煮玉米濃湯和水餃,忘了要一直攪拌,結果就全部烤焦,還讓電湯匙過熱整個報銷。 【When's the last time (that) S + V +O】 (請把握句型後半部的(that) S + V +O為過去式的補充句,用來修飾When's the last time這個主要句,而且THAT引導的形容詞子句可以省略喔!) 【上期內容更正內容】*When's the last time ______?你上次失眠是什麼時候呢? →When's the last time _you experienced insomnia_?
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輕鬆學英語‧英語輕鬆學 (一) ──給你好色
今天的單元,我們要「給你好色」,不要誤會喔!是給大家好好用的顏色。關於英文的顏色 color表達,幾乎大家都會,超easy,今天要來跟大家說一下顏色有趣的用法,想到顏色,大家腦海裡冒出來的基本顏色有哪一些呢?大概不外乎彩虹的顏色跟基本色調,除了靛之外,被我說中了嗎?彩虹是由七種顏色構成的,我們當然不能老是跳過靛,其實,靛很容易記的,你只要記得他是indigo「陰底狗」就可以了,所以其實會說,紅red 橙 orange 黃 yellow 綠 green 藍 blue 靛indigo 紫 purple,再加上比較常用的黑black 白 white 灰 gray (grey) 棕 brown,再加上可愛的粉紅色 pink也就差不多了,但是如果就這樣講完了,那就太遜了,我們來看看一般英文裡面對於顏色,會有哪些常用的表達方式,以及還有哪一些出乎意料之外的說法。 首先,我們來看紅色,red通常可以跟中文相對應,比如說紅包red envelope,紅毯red carpet,有了赤字,就是in the red,但是我們常常看到的紅茶,要說black tea,紅糖,是brown sugar,而我們常講的眼紅,其實不能用紅色喔!千萬不能弄錯呢!有一些有趣的用法,可以學起來用,比如說我們鋪上紅毯,是為了迎接貴賓,但要注意紅毯不是用鋪spread的,而是用滾roll的,在英文中,如果,我們roll out the red carpet 代表的是盛情款待。 We must roll out the red carpet for our guest. 我們必須為了我們的客人滾出紅毯子,那就是我們必須盛情款待客人的意思,很好記吧!然後,如果我們把城市漆成紅色paint the town red,就代表我們要出門狂歡的意思,很酷吧!最後,如果你逮到男朋友做壞事,那就是You caught your boyfriend red-handed. 那你一定很火大對不對,所以,You saw red. 剛剛有提到,眼紅其實不能用紅色,那眼紅要用什麼顏色呢?是綠色,你猜對了嗎?對於嫉妒或眼紅,我們可以說 I am green with envy. 或者 I am green as jealousy. 甚至誇張一點的,可以說,I am a green-eyed monster. 我是隻綠眼怪獸。代表的可是嫉妒得不得了。綠色會讓你想到什麼?新鮮的?嫩的?那就對了,我們說的菜鳥或新手,也是用綠色來形容喔!比如說,The salesman is at green at her job.那個銷售員是個菜鳥。或者,He is only eighteen as green as grass.他才十八歲,跟草一樣綠,指的就是他一點經驗也沒有的意思。如果說,我們形容一個人有綠色的犄角greenhorn,指的就是他是個新手,例如,I will never go back to the greenhorn dentist. 我絕對不會再回頭去找那個新手牙醫了,一般,我們也可以用green hand形容生手。不過,綠色也有不錯的用法,比如說,我們形容一個人有綠拇指green thumb或者是綠手指green fingers,指的是他碰到什麼,什麼就變成綠的,很會種東西的意思。 接下來我們要看的顏色是黃色yellow,我們的電話簿叫做yellow pages,如果我們說他有黃色的肚皮yellow-bellied,指的是他是懦弱膽小的,黃色有這樣的意思,所以,他太懦弱不敢站起來反抗,我們會說,He is too yellow to stand up to fight. 說人家卑鄙可以說He is a yellow dog. 如果有人說你的車是個黃檸檬,可別太開心,yellow lemon可是指破破爛爛的東西,Your car is a yellow lemon.你的車子是當工啊掐的意思。不過我們要注意的是,黃色笑話或黃色電影,可不是黃色的喔!他們是藍色的。 我們很常聽到藍色星期一blue Monday,藍色blue是代表憂鬱的顏色。形容一個人心情不好,我們可以說,He looks blue today.他今天看起來悶悶不樂的。但藍色其實有很多有趣的用法,比如說,黃色笑話 blue jokes, 黃色電影blue films,出身貴族則是指他有藍色的血blue blood,如果這件事情出乎意料之外,我們可以說it is out of blue. 如果說一個人曾在藍色的月亮上做某件事,指的是這件事情很罕見的的意思,有趣吧!比如說,He only goes to the library once in a blue moon.就是說他很少去圖書館喔!如果事件讓你覺得晴天霹靂的事情,你就可以說It's a bolt from the blue.這裏的the blue 指的就是晴空囉!bolt就是閃電,也就是我們說的霹靂,很簡單吧! 雖然青色跟藍綠色是相同的,但是,臉色鐵青,可不能用blue and green喔!想想閩南語怎麼說,就是烏青啊!black and blue,是不是很好記!至於他臉色鐵青表示的是極度不悅,用的是He is black in the face.是臉黑掉的意思,那麼說到黑,其實,黑都有陰險或邪惡的聯想,比如說凶日是black day,而black future是前途黯淡,注意,黑心用的是evil mind至於黑羊black sheep指的是害群之馬喔!至於四周黑色跑出來,就是停電了,如果某人眼睛一黑,黑色跑出來,那就是昏倒了,所以black out可以用來形容停電或昏倒喔!不過要提醒一下大家,熬夜stay up的習慣並不好,如果你因此有了黑眼圈,成了傳說中的黑輪哥或姊,那可千萬不能用black,要用dark circle喔!黑夜,用的也是dark,伸手不見五指,很黑很暗,用的是in the dark.那再往下聯想,如果這件事情在黑暗中,就代表看不見,既然看不見,那就是秘密的,大家都不知道的喔!所以你可以用Iam in the dark still. 來表示我還不太明白。 與黑色相反的是白色white,什麼都不加的美式咖啡,就是black coffee,牛奶咖啡就是white coffee,我們說的白色謊言white lie,就是善意的謊言,而白色的大象white elephant,指的是昂貴但是無用的東西,但是,要注意喔!我們常說的白開水,用的是plain boiled water呢! 黑跟白加在一起就是灰色,所以,如果事情有模擬兩可,我們會說他處於灰色地帶,像是,This law is in a grey area,指的就是這條法律有模糊不清之處。 至於其他顏色,像紫色purple,比較有趣的用法,像是,He is born to the purple.或者He is born in the purple.指他出身在帝王之家喔!代表他是貴族的意思。粉紅色pink也很好玩,如果你收到粉紅色的單子pink slip不是罰單,是解僱通知書,如果你看見一堆粉紅色的大象see pink elephants ,那就是你喝多了,頭昏眼花啦!而身體健康,我們就可以說He is in the pink of health.好玩吧!當然跟顏色有關的片語或諺語還有很多,我們挑簡單易記且常用的讓大家能輕鬆的學習,學會使用基本的顏色,就可以表達很多不同的意思喔! 語言是溝通的工具,最重要的是我們學會並且在日常生活中落實使用,英文其實很有趣,很多我們本來就會的簡單單字就可以表達不同的意思,跟著麋鹿兒輕鬆學英文,你會發現英文也可以輕鬆學!希望大家都能喜歡上英文喔!
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
為了瞭解目前社會新鮮人畢業的職涯規劃,媒體也對於他們的理想中的就業市場進行調查,發現高達八成的新鮮人都希望去海外公司任職。除了可以增加未來履歷上的精彩度和國際合作經驗,也可以獲得比較高的薪資待遇,將來也可以搶道進入大企業的門票。其實,不用談到遠在歐美的環境,長年以來輔導過的學生和社會人士們,多半都有前進中國的一線、二線城市去發展,對方公司也開出了將近兩倍到三倍的薪水,比起在台灣的工作待遇確實非常吸引人;而且對方公司一次就給出了五年保證聘僱和薪資最低保證,讓前去大陸的學生們都很安心,加上自己在台灣的幹部主管都已經先飛過去卡位,自己也是被看重被挖角過去,可以一展長才。不過目前亞洲區都很積極在開發半導體和相關產業發展,容易變供多於求,未來如果在海外的公司無法提供這麼好的待遇,回到台灣職場也不見得有相對的職缺等著,自己可能就要吃著老本慢慢尋找工作,或面臨要轉換跑步的重大改變,甚至也要調整心態才能夠回到原本的工作環境。職場上有些重要的英文表達,不知道各位同學都學起來了嗎?讓我們一起溫故知新,把重要的內容複習一次,然後再給同學們補充最夯職場必勝表達與應對詞語吧! 【職場成功表達,英文不求人:情境練習及專業回答】 希望我的工作待遇可以和學經歷相符! I hope that my work compensation can be in line with the qualifications. 我可以接受配合公司超時工作。 It's understandable if my firm requires me to work overtime as long as it is necessary. (超重要句型)我希望被賦予更多的責任。(通常如果問到:為何離開前公司?千萬不能說「因為他們就是不升我職位呀!」,應該用到以下這句話喔!) I am looking forward to taking on more responsibilities. 現在就業市場很競爭,比起其他面試者,我可以貢獻更多所學。 The current job market is highly-competitive, of all candidates, I am convinced that I can apply what I've learned to the workplace as well as make more contributions to the company. 我的優勢就是可以在多語言職場裡順利溝通,也可以尊重不同文化的差異和不同意見。 One of my strengths lies in the efficient communication in the multi-lingual working environment; furthermore, I can respect the diversity and discrepancies of cultural backgrounds, inclusive of different perspectives on specific issues. 不僅在團體中可以擔任一個很好的談判者,我也可以在部門中間擔任很稱職的接洽人員。 Not only do I work as the capable negotiator but also undertake the position as the coordinator who can successfully liaison with different departments. 剛剛上述的商業溝通技巧,也非常需要同學去了解和深入,也歡迎準備問題來和老師討論自己的問題喔!稍微了解職場上需要的英文能力,老師也想談談目前在接觸的英檢文化現象。其實教育部為了讓孩子能夠快樂成長和達到有效率無壓力的學習目標,希望報考全民英檢的考生至少要到達國中的年紀,才不會造成學生同儕之間的壓力或家長怕孩子輸在起跑點上的堪憂。但近期內因為許多教育專家和家長的推波助瀾下,竟然跑出了「小學英檢」的英文檢定考試,真的有點嚇壞許多英文老師。因為這樣一來,英文考照的壓力可能就要從幼稚園就要開始充實準備,以便到時候一進小學才能夠互別苗頭,看看誰的孩子比較優秀,在語言和各項科目都能夠出類拔萃。其實,以我自己長達十多年的教學經驗來說,我發現大多的家長都認為學校的英文教育時數不夠多,而紛紛的開始尋找家教或是英文補習班開始加強實力。 其實平心而論,國中英文著重於生活英文的對話和簡單關係代名詞,或是大家習慣之道的時態問答為主,近幾年也多了書信閱讀理解的訓練,這都是非常基本而且重要的,所以大約在國中畢業前達到全民英檢初級已經是很不錯的表現了!但是,各位學生和家長都忘記了,其實全民英檢初級到中級是非常大的差距間隔,不可能只有透過短期課程可以達到效果,而且他們多半都是從快樂的英語互動環境,突然被丟到以單字文法為主的環境裡面學習,低年級的學生突然被丟進開始有社會人士的參與的正式學習環境中,又缺乏了同齡學生的陪伴,如此斷層學習且缺乏歸屬感的狀況,會導致種種挫折和壓力感,這是一般家長和師長很難想像的。無法在班上好好坐定下來學習,但又被迫聽著跟自己很遙遠的單字文法和深刻難懂的片語,不僅僅讓孩子失去興趣,也會分心開始影響其他上課的學生。許多年輕的學生是非常聰明而且學習力很強,只是在於引導的過程當中,講師通常無法兼顧到孩子吸收狀況和社會人士應考進度,所以常常會引發師生互動上的衝突和不樂見的英文學習退步的狀況。 其實我們都可以利用有趣而且生活化的題材來進行英語學習,不需要急著把孩子推進去密集英文檢定班級。可以利用創造英文學習聽力環境,鼓勵孩子多聽一點英文歌曲,可以朗朗上口學習英文發音和從前習慣的單字片語;進階者,可以童年時期認識的童話故事,可以引導孩子去社區圖書館或是公立文化廳去借閱英文有聲書,讓學習達到互動而且深刻的長遠影響,不僅僅是省時省錢又可以讓我們大小孩子可以共樂的資源機會喔!一定要試試看,保證會有神速進步的學習成果,而且還能夠當一個快樂的英文學習者,將來面臨更多英文挑戰時,都能夠更有自信而且有紮實基礎,更可以融會貫通許多知識和舉一反三喔!接下來就看看老師幫大家整理的實用片語吧! 【常見片語和實用常見表達】 A.PUT家族單字片語練習 1.不要給我臭臉啦!Don't put on that face!= Don't make a long face! 2.我再也受不了你的壞脾氣了!I cannot put up with your bad temper anymore. 3.今日事,今日畢!Don't put off what you can do today till tomorrow. 4.你應該把期中考先擱一邊,跟我們去唱KTV吧!You should put aside the mid-term test and let's go karaoking with us. 5.孩子們,快把玩具通通放回原位,我可不是妳們的傭人!Kids, please put away all the toys. I am not your servant. B. (布萊恩老師經典必教用句)守時是最重要的優先事件,我們對於慣性延宕的態度是完全無法忍受的!Punctuality is the top priority and we have zero tolerance of procrastination. C.你不必再假慈悲了,你一直以來對大家都是這麼虛情假意。Save your crocodile tears and you have been so phony to everyone. D.你的專案落後進度了!Your project is behind schedule. E.學生應該要複習課堂筆記,而且讓自己記憶更加深,這可是很重要的喔!It's essential that students are supposed to brush up on their class notes and refresh their memory. F.在課堂間,你應該要專心於課堂內容,而且需要全神貫注地聆聽。During the lecture, you should concentrate on the lessons and be all ears. "接下來呢!我們要幫助各位同學在練習習慣用句語句型內容,妳們準備好了嗎?英文中常看到【When's the last time (that) S + V +O】,中文解釋就是"上次….是什麼時候呢?" &練習:你們上次去金門是什麼時候呢?When's the last time you all visited Kinmen? (請把握句型後半部的(that) S + V +O為過去式的補充句,用來修飾When's the last time這個主要句,而且THAT引導的形容詞子句可以省略喔!) <牛刀小試,練習時間一定要靠自己寫看看喔!> 1.When's the last time ____________________? 你上次失眠是什麼時候呢? 2.When's the last time ____________________? 你們家人一起去電影院看電影是什麼時候? 3.When's the last time ____________________? 這個網路紅人上次推出影片是什麼時候? 4.When's the last time ____________________? 那個女孩上次對你笑著是什麼時候? 5.When's the last time ____________________? 我們高中同學上次聚在一起是時候什麼? 6.When's the last time ____________________? 你姊姊上次去日本玩是什麼時候? 7.When's the last time ____________________? 這個作家上次出書是什麼時候? 8.When's the last time ____________________? 上次桃園市政府主辦燈會是什麼時候? 9.When's the last time ____________________? 珍妮佛上次答應我一起去放天燈是什麼時候? 10.When's the last time ____________________? 你上次說要開始吃素是什麼時候? ANSWER KEYS 1.When's the last time _you experience insomnia_? 你上次失眠是什麼時候呢? 2.When's the last time your family went see a movie together? 你們家人一起去電影院看電影是什麼時候? 3.When's the last time the Internet celebrity launched his/her video clip? 這個網路紅人上次推出影片是什麼時候? 4.When's the last time that girl smiled at you ? 那個女孩上次對你笑著是什麼時候? 5.When's the last time our high school classmates got together? 我們高中同學上次聚在一起是時候什麼? 6.When's the last time your elder sister went on a trip to Japan? 你姊姊上次去日本玩是什麼時候? 7.When's the last time the writer published a book? 這個作家上次出書是什麼時候? 8.When's the last time the Taoyuan City Government hosted the lantern festival? 上次桃園市政府主辦燈會是什麼時候? 9.When's the last time Jennifer promised me to fly the sky lantern? 珍妮佛上次答應我一起去放天燈是什麼時候? 10.When's the last time you started being a vegetarian(=you determined to be a vegetarian=you made up your mind to be a vegetarian)?" 你上次說要開始吃素是什麼時候? *想必各位同學在練習之後,都可以對於題型更加熟練囉!
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Language Barriers
Author: Cody Bijeaux Language barriers are a problem for many students. No matter what language is used to communicate, there are always situations where language differences cause misunderstandings. To a language student, however, this issue is even more serious. I have studied Chinese for almost five years, diligently studying grammar books and trying to attain a better understanding of Chinese overall. Many say my Chinese is good, and yet many occasions haves led to misunderstandings. Studying a language intensively and still misunderstanding is frustrating. Language barriers are certainly a difficult problem. Language barriers are not the inability to understand the other person's specific words or phrases. They are also the inability to further or extend a conversation. When I chat with Chinese friends, I sometimes realize that my Chinese is not. My friends then realize a language barrier exists, and the result is an avoidance of more deep and personal questions. They ask simple questions, such as where I am from or if I like Taiwan. These questions are not improper or wrong, but it is a missed opportunity to discuss important topics like cultural differences and viewpoints on life. A successful discussion as a language student is a discussion where the language barrier is nonexistent. When both sides feel that they are on equal linguistic footing then they can happily engage in deeper conversation. Language barriers are everywhere. At school when someone uses words I do not understand, I might simply ask them to repeat or ask what they mean. These instances occur and can result in embarrassment and a desire to seclude myself to avoid another error. Sometimes, having a high level of Chinese can actually be an unexpected curse. People may assume I do not worry about language barriers or may not experience them. Often, Chinese speakers are less patient with us than with our friends who are just starting to learn the language. Loosing due to the irritating issue of language barriers can be depressing. So, like many of my American friends, I am determined to improve my Chinese. I hope one day to talk completely freely with friends without the fear of a language barrier. 中文主題:語言障礙 作者:畢傑 語言障礙是所有學外語的人都會遇到的問題。無論用哪種語言來溝通,都難免會因為語言差異而產生誤會。對學外語的同學來說,這個問題就比較明顯了。我學中文已經五年了,一直希望可以多研究語法,多積累詞彙來提升中文程度、並且加深對中國文化的理解。雖然有很多朋友說我的中文已經很不錯了,但我偶爾還是會因為措辭不當,導致誤會。說真的,這其實是個讓人懊惱的事,學了那麼長一段時間,但還是無法融會貫通地理解對方的話,所以語言障礙有時候真的是個非常棘手的問題。 語言障礙不僅導致自己不理解對方的話,甚至無法與對方進行溝通。當我在用中文和朋友溝通時,我會覺得自己的中文沒那麼好,而我的朋友們也認為我們的溝通裡存在著語言障礙,於是就會避免和我討論比較有深度的話題。他們通常只會問我很簡單的問題: 比如說我來自哪裡,喜不喜歡台灣等等。這些簡單的交談是不成問題的,但是卻讓我們彼此失去了解對方的文化以及生活觀的機會。成功掌握外語的要訣就是讓彼此的交談不因語言障礙而有所影響,如此一來沒有語言障礙就會樂意講更有深度的話題。 我發現語言障礙無處不在。在學校裡,我跟同事聊天時就會經常接觸到一些不懂的詞彙,我無法理解的時候就需要請他們再說一遍或是解釋那是什麼意思。每當發生這種情況我都會感到很不好意思,有時候甚至為了避免遇到這種尷尬的情況,我會減少和他人深入交談。有很多朋友認為我的中文水準很高,所以不會擔心語言障礙的問題。當我們說中文的時候,當地人比較沒有耐性聽我們說話。一想到那些因語言障礙而停止交談的朋友,心情就有點低落,因此我下決心要更加努力的學習中文,就像我其他的美國朋友一樣,希望有一天可以在沒有任何語言障礙下,用中文流暢地和說中文的朋友交談。 Author: Emily Schell I have been studying Chinese for over nine years, starting with online Chinese classes and moving to university classes, including study abroad programs in Beijing and Shanghai. Although my nine years of Chinese and various Chinese friends have given me a grasp of the Chinese language, I still have trouble fully understanding some conversations. Sometimes I find myself alongside brand new language learners asking the same questions they do. "Could you repeat that again? Could you say that slower please?" Consequently, even though our Chinese is good, we still struggle often, which strains our friendships, teaching, and relationships with those in the community. My knowledge of Chinese actually makes my school and social relationships complicated in other ways. As a Fulbright Teacher, we have two main responsibilities: to teach children English and to serve as cultural ambassadors of the United States. Sometimes, I fear that my knowledge of Chinese makes it easier for me to be a cultural ambassador and harder for me to be an English teacher. One of the most difficult aspects of teaching English, or any language that is not the native language, in another country is creating opportunities for students to practice the non-native language outside of class. So much of language learning depends on students finding natural and authentic ways to practice their non-native language outside of the classroom. Given that students are unlikely to do so of their own volition with their family, friends, or teammates, they may not move from repeating and memorizing English phrases to organically producing English, to use "teacher speak." Accordingly, any opportunity to engage students in English outside of the classroom is extremely important. Even knowing this fact, I often engage with my students in Chinese instead of English. Although using this native language makes it easier, in my opinion, to forge strong relationships with students, coworkers, and community members, I miss out on important opportunities to teach English in a more natural setting outside of the classroom. In my Chinese conversations, however, I am still fortunate to have the opportunity to expose my students to various aspects of American culture and thought. This trade-off between forging stronger relationships with community members and better serving the community in my capacity as an English teacher is one that most Fulbright English teachers must make. Some of us, by virtue of knowing little Chinese, have the choice made for them; they are full-time English teachers inside and outside of the classroom. However, for those of us who have the luck to know enough Chinese to adequately communicate, we have to decide which one of those priorities takes precedence. For me, I have opted to forge even stronger relationships with my students and community, although that choice has come at the expense of the opportunity to teach even more English outside of the classroom. Living on Kinmen is full of lots of challenges and choices such as these, but luckily for me, each challenge and choice tends to bring even larger reward. 作者:艾米麗 我已經學中文九年了,在我讀高中的時候,我開始在線上學中文,上大學後,我繼續學習中文,並且參加北京和上海的語言學習計畫。在我學中文的這九年,雖然我的朋友有教我學中文的要領,但是我還是沒辦法了解一些對話。有時候我發現自己就像初學者一樣,會不斷地問問題,「你可以再重複一遍嗎?」、「可以請你說慢一點嗎?」。我的結論就是,雖然我們的中文還算不錯,但我們還是無法精確表達,而這也讓我們需要在友誼、教學和社區上更加努力。 我的中文程度也讓我在學校和社區間的關係有點複雜。身為一位傅爾布萊特老師,我的角色有兩個責任:第一是教小朋友英文,第二是當美國的文化的大使,讓更多人認識美國文化。有時候,我會擔心我對中文的了解使我容易當一名文化大使,但是卻更難當一名英語老師。
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
【淺談巴黎花都行】: 《原來歐洲英文也能通:下篇》 童年時期常看著節目「繞著地球跑」,主持人上山下海跑到五光十色的大都會(metropolitan)探索上流社會的生活,入住於世界名設計師打造豪華宮殿飯店(Palace Hotel),或是深入原始部落(primitive tribes)嘗試各種危險奇異料理(exotic cuisines),搭著簡陋船隻在深不可測的水面划著槳,裏頭飢餓無比的食人魚(piranha)可能隨時跳出水面攻擊人類,而露出殺氣埋伏(ambush)在水面下的鱷魚也虎視眈眈,隨時要攻擊眼前的獵物。對於自己舒適圈(comfort zone)外的生活,就有更多天馬行空的想像(run your imagination wild)。實踐(Walk the Talk)旅行這件事情像小小種子(seed the dream)會慢慢萌芽。在接觸許多返鄉旅人們,坐在電視機前看著許多勇敢年輕人,前往像埃及充滿偉大古文明金字塔和背後有著的宗教信仰故事,揚起塵土也像當年爭權奪位殺戮般,對著穹蒼無聲地吶喊;的確,每個映入眼簾場景,能站在現場心領神會,那種人類自然展現謙卑的一面。世界這麼大,看過的風景與感動卻如此有限,豈不可惜?書本中每段充滿淚水歡笑,甚至有些驚險的片段,都燃起內心想飛奔至異國,挑戰獨立生活能耐的火種。 對於長期在都市叢林(concrete jungle這個詞許多人從歌詞中耳熟能詳,特別是在實力派歌手兼歌唱節目評審ALICIA KEYS所演唱,可說是另一種美國夢的代表歌曲呢!)的自己,經過加拿大留學生活,那種不論何時都是無憂無慮地在寬敞的街道上晃蕩,周末整個社區就像空城般,不是在家靜靜享受心靈平靜,就是一早出門去其他城市兜風,連銀髮族都會開著跑車帥氣在大街上奔馳。但加拿大卻沒有亞洲都市的喧囂和好似救命般的喇叭聲,深怕自己沒被注意到而被其他車子追撞,有時候那些噪音大多都是無理取鬧地影響整個城市的情緒。充滿大自然環境擁抱的洗禮後,我其實對於生活在眼花撩亂的水泥建築之間,變得很不適應。想好好觀察外邊的世界,連打開窗戶也是隔壁大樓的牆壁,好像熱臉貼了無情的牆壁,狠狠被甩了一記耳光。而周邊住戶也沒有倖免,她們也只能呼吸著稀薄的空氣,過著很缺氧的生活。好不容易多打了個窗戶出去,想用力深呼吸替自己被榨乾的腦袋注入新鮮空氣,迎面而來的只有從各種車輛的排氣管咳出的濃濃廢氣。瞬間,自己的身心靈都鬱悶了起來,只能時不時到郊區或是鄰近學校的樹林間貪得一絲屬於天地間該有的氣息。 Alicia Keys - New York(紐約;胸心壯志) I'm gonna make it by any means, I got a pocket full of dreams (不管如何都要成功,帶著滿滿理想) Concrete jungle where dreams are made of (許多夢想打造出都市叢林) There's nothing you can't do (能辦到所有心中的願望) 大家最喜歡問,到底法國和台灣有何不同?我憑著良心說,從前都需要帶著口罩在大街小巷穿梭著,不然真的無法好好的呼吸前進到目的地,影響一整天的心情和工作表現;而當一到了巴黎,街角商店前,還是有人抽著淡菸,與朋友互相大吐生活上苦水,但不難發現,街道上車輛大多是巴士或昂貴重型機車(一般輕型機車非常少,違停狀況罕見)!有天突然有股衝動去附近麵包店,還沒進去店家就看到櫥窗裡滿滿的各式各樣的甜點和靠在牆上或長或扁或圓的雜糧麵包,真希望用著一口流利的法文點出這些尋常百姓都可以享受的餐點。只見店裡的老奶奶非常可愛地用法文介紹她們的小麵包,我也跟著低聲複誦著,耳朵傳來的美麗語言此時只想被深深烙印在腦海裡,等著下次也可以用一樣的方式再次交流。簡單挑了幾個著名甜點「閃電泡芙之開心果夾心」、「歌劇院巧克力蛋糕」,和"特製法國長棍麵包",我就像著第一次買到自己心愛糖果的小孩,在街上快樂的啃著麵包,覺得自己是世界上最幸福的人了! 去法國最開心的事情,莫過於餵著腳邊跳來跳去的鴿子,那是一種屬於歐洲人的小確幸,頓時人類和自然都可以相擁作伴,毫不避諱去展現原有的笑容互動。當沉醉在自己的舞步裡時,卻忘記了原來旅社的路,也索性迷個路,讓自己意外發現的河畔旁慢慢看著水流走過,思緒也彷彿被抽空般,歸零到最簡單的狀態,想著自己未來生活的努力目標,和不忘肯定過去這段時日,很努力的走到現在。完成自己長久以來的願望,本來膽怯不安態度,瞬間也勇敢起來,只因為"不想讓以後的自己後悔"! 最後老師也是要給大家一些小小的提醒,去到法國巴黎要特別特別注意的小準備喔! 1.零錢一定要隨身帶:背包客棧上有許多朋友分享歐洲扒手變化多端偷竊手法,讓旅行充滿變數,也讓整趟路都保持老鷹殺氣眼神,很注意經過每個路人,也不輕易地在大眾運輸上睡著。當地人很少在上面打瞌睡或是做其他滑手機之類事情!去郊區時,搭乘火車為首選,因為方便而且也很舒適,也多了機會跟許多背包客聊天交流一些旅程甘苦談,也默默敬佩起帶著堅毅笑容的朋友們,身上扛著行囊和可歌可泣壯遊經歷。搭乘火車一定要自備好零錢,因為詢問櫃台都會請你去自行購票。萬一身上都大鈔,大概需要去東買一包口香糖,西買一瓶果汁,還外帶一包小餅乾,要是店家剛好沒什麼零錢,真的會欲哭無淚。零錢真的真的很重要,不管要買車票或是購買入場券,都是基本配備! 2.法國消費不用小費:你沒看錯喔!在美加這種隨時都要給小費的地方,要是你忘記在用餐消費後沒有給上小費,可是會被服務生追出來討回的!因為她們大多都是沒有底薪要靠這些小費過生活的人,所以身為觀光客可是要特別注意;然而,在英國或法國是不需要給小費就可以開心用餐或是把錢放在餐盤裡(老師也有親眼看到有人直接放在咖啡盤子上)就默默離開了。這也是一種率性和誠信至上的社會禮節表現。在大眾地鐵沒人會主動去檢查票卡,在火車上也很少看到列車長會去確認你的身分或購票與否,一切都是誠信為貴。去巴黎這些日子,也只有看到一兩個乘客有跳過閘門去坐車的情況,而且不敢置信地她們都是穿著很正常的上班族,讓我不禁感嘆,時機真的有這麼差嗎?但歐洲的人民似乎心裡都有一把尺,和不可高攀的自尊心,所以這種違法的事情是很少見到的,治安也像老師在之前內容分享過的,真是一等一的好!不要被太多網路傳言或是誇張的媒體渲染下,讓自己連國門都不敢踏出一步了! 3.一樣的紀念品收費超級天差地別?到了觀光景點熱門區域,其實大家都會很想失心瘋去採買一些平常很少看到的小東西,如:手提包、鑰匙圈、明信片、音樂盒(在楓丹白露宮差點買下快兩千塊的音樂盒)、旅遊磁鐵、馬克杯、文具組、購物袋,或是一些看似很精緻的糖果盒。但以在巴士底市集附近來說,你如果在平常的紀念商店中,你會發現價錢真的會從地鐵站開始,然後一路到觀光景點人潮壅擠的地方,價錢也一路飆升。眼睜睜看到一張明信片從0.78歐元(約台幣26.5塊),到最美拍攝經典花園旁紀念品店變成了一張3.5歐元(約台幣119.2塊),而且是質感構圖差不多的紙張內容。也提醒自己千萬不要當了冤大頭。在法國歐洲基本上一張明信片除非很特別,不然高於0.5歐都是坑人! (布萊恩老師經典用語收錄):文法字彙文化一把罩! 1.請別在駕駛後面發號施令!我想好好開車,你這樣真的很煩人耶! Stop being a back-seat driver. I am trying to drive here.You know how annoying it is.* back-seat driver(坐在駕駛後面且愛發號施令的乘客) V.S. flash drive隨身碟 V.S. strong drive強烈動機 2. 該是放鬆自己和放空一陣子的時候了! It's time to unwind yourself and chill for a while. *unwind(v.)=loosen up=lounge=relax放鬆→meditation冥想→clear your mind重整思緒 3.不管遇到什麼情形,你都應該要保持鎮定。 You are supposed to keep your composure no matter what may come. *composure鎮定 V.S. exposure(to…)(v.)曝露在…情況 V.S. compromise (v.)妥協 4. 有時候父母因為有不安感,會很喜歡掌控很多(孩子的)事情。她們並不想傷害我們,只是很容易擔心我們未來走錯了路!(=做錯了選擇) Sometimes parents could be manipulative out of the sense of insecurity. They mean us no harm but easily get concerned that we might walk on the wrong path in the future. *manipulative(a.)操控的 * sense of insecurity不安全感 * concerned(a.)擔憂的 5. Please cut it out! Tears won't keep me in this relationship which we both admit was already over. There's nothing left but hatred and boredom. Let go of me and move on!*cut it out 夠了(停止這種情況) *hatred(n.)厭惡 *boredom(n.)無趣 *let go of放開 *move on往前看
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
【淺談巴黎花都行】: 《原來歐洲英文也能通:中篇》 只要抵達法國,就不難察覺巴黎人總有自己生活的步調,街角搭著紅色遮雨棚的露天咖啡座裡,擠著打扮雍容華貴的婦人,或是談著生意用知名鋼筆簽著厚厚一疊文件的業務員。大家各有自己的生活配速,絕不因為別人而改變自己的原則風格,這是很巴黎的生活態度!而且令人感到逗趣地,通常咖啡廳外頭都有一排座位是貼著牆壁,讓客人可以靠著牆邊看著來往人潮街景,邊啜飲著一天的悠閒午後。這時候真不知是觀光客欣賞著他們的姿態,還是這些座上賓把這些路人當可愛動物區觀賞。但依照我這段日子的觀察,其實巴黎人的生活步調是極快無比!不僅僅是在地鐵中,要以光速地方式不假思索找到自己要搭乘的月台,轉車的乘客也是要上上下下地快走到另一個閘門,再拿出剛剛進站的票卡再刷進去一次,所以千萬不要亂丟手上的票券(巴黎地鐵火車都是自行感應片卡,很少有站務人員會去查票,但萬一查到逃票,可是用三倍以上罰款喔!)。 你以為結束了嗎?迎面而來又是一陣剛下車的人潮,然後前面就寫了三條不同顏色的路線要直走或右轉,繼續你的導航行程。千萬不要跟著人群走,要記住自己路線的號碼與顏色(比如四號線粉紅色),常常都是再某個轉角寫上你的轉站路線,也要看清楚是往南往北,認清是開往你目的地站別,才可以轉彎進去。在巴黎,一轉錯彎進錯月台,這可能要花十分鐘以上才能回去剛剛的路線了!巴黎地鐵因為大多都是挺有年代的,所以需要按鈕或是轉開把手才會開啟,可別癡癡等著自動門打開喔!(自身在搭地鐵往機場的路線的時候,因為太早起床又精神不濟,完全忘記這幾天在法國地鐵的經驗法則,竟然站在地鐵門前發呆。後來有個年輕人以為我不會打開門,還主動起身去按開按鈕;巴黎人的冷漠是種保護色,但內心是很熱情的!因為有兩次我看到老先生或旅客的行李被夾住,可是她們強行上車(這是不對的喔!不可以學習!),路人一個箭步立刻湧上去拉開門,讓她們平安進去車廂,不要被負面消息洗腦,其實巴黎人是很可愛喔! 巴黎人不管在中國餐館或是路邊精緻的小店都喜歡點上一杯義式濃縮咖啡,而且咖啡尺寸就是一口飲,對於我們來說就是超迷你的享受。飲畢則去,曾不吝情去留,這也是巴黎人瀟灑的身影寫照。巴黎人其實看似冷酷,也常行色匆匆沒有太多互動的機會,但其實只要掌握關鍵字,你其實也可以和巴黎人立刻當上朋友的!記得我在旅社發現自己磁卡因與手機放一起導致消磁,所以房門進不去,也無法使用電梯,只好跑到櫃檯去求助。後來,我就很緊張地說My room key cannot work and please help me fix the problem!(我的房卡沒反應,可以幫我處理一下這個問題嗎?),對方突然整個人很驚訝地往後靠了椅背,然後一臉不敢置信的說: PLEASE SAY " BONJOUR"(請您跟我說"日安")原來法國人非常注重不管是開場白,去點一杯咖啡,甚至你要請服務生結帳,通通都要說出這個MAGIC WORD : BONJOUR!這不在僅僅是教科書上面的單字,而是你要開啟任何話題的敲門磚!BONJOUR,也讓法國人教會我,無時無刻要有禮貌且優雅地談吐表現,別因為一緊張就失去了該有的社交禮儀和從容的態度。你一定不敢相信,後來在法國這些日子,連看到自動門打開都會主動說BONJOUR!不管街頭古典建築雕刻,或寬闊美麗綠地公園,真心擁抱法國一切的美麗,人文教育徹底紮根與無時無刻尊重他人的美好! 法國的物價很高嗎?聽說連水都要自己從國內帶去嗎? (A)大前天有個學生媽咪特地來問我,過幾天就要去三國環遊比利時、法國、英國旅遊長達三個禮拜,問我要不要自己帶點水過去?甚至想要在行李托運多帶一點水去。其實,以法國巴黎來說大家都不陌生的CARREFOUR(家樂福),就好像台灣的便利商店一樣,過條街就立刻映入眼簾好幾家,根本不需要擔心買水。令我印象很深刻的部分是,一瓶家庭號礦泉水大約台幣十七塊左右(台灣可能賣到三十多塊),而稍微昂貴的氣泡水也大概三十塊(知名咖啡廳賣到八十五塊)。當地有各式各樣的果汁,以我天天買的草莓果汁和奇異果汁來說,可以很明顯喝到果肉和果粒的觸感,喝的時候還有輕微"啵"的脆咬口感,真的是一分錢一分貨。 (B)更好玩的部分是,六點後許多商店會休息,家樂福對面會開一家BIO-CARREFOUR(有機家樂福店),產品陳列內容些許不同,都是高單價蔬果、麥片、養生果汁,或高蛋白質補充品,足足比對面CARREFOUR貴三倍!法國生活物價非常昂貴,但確實很貨真價實,在算帳時,大家很規矩地排隊和包裹好自己的蔬果,整個作業非常流暢。也觀察其實小朋友就會自己來超市買東西,提著一包比自己臉大的棉花糖,靠自己去買回家品嚐,不假手他人。比起許多亞洲的直升機父母,從裡到外都打點好,把自己忙到快暈過去,小孩也不長進不知足的歪風,法國帶給我的衝擊和感動,讓我體認這是非常難得的人文教育喔! 歐洲人是不是都天生很慵懶,好像天生就是模特兒身材,不用太努力嗎? 其實歐洲人是很廣的概念,以我自己認識的德國人和法國人比較起來,一個傳統印象很有自律性也很理性思考安排所有生活細節;而法國人似乎就在生活中找到優雅和簡樸中,美感也是在舉手投足間展現。在事實上,法國朋友們是很熱愛運動,也很投入許多戶外活動,也喜歡全家出遊且重視和家族成員的相處時光喔!其實說到法國人的運動習慣,令我佩服!因為即使在"寒冬很難變春天"的冷到雙腳都沒知覺天氣,鼻子一摸可能會掉下來的風險,塞納河旁或森林公園裡永遠都是穿著貼身運動全裝備慢跑的民眾,努力的揮汗在為自己的健康著想,也在這個美麗的城市中用最活力的姿態來顛覆以往柔弱法國人的形象。老師有機會到旅舍附近社區健身房參觀,也發現不分男女老少都在用力的雕塑身材,讓自己不管在什麼時候都能展現出專業形象,也更有自信地迎接每天的挑戰。讓法國的美麗從裡到外都兼備,整體的美感從自身做起。 <在法國常用生活表達英文句> 一、我腳都冷到沒知覺了。I can barely feel my legs in such cold weather. 二、往往在熱門觀光景點區,都遊人如織。The tourists usually crisscrossed in the adjacent areas of the popular tourist attractions. 三、請注意博物館營業時間可能隨時更改,否則可能會大老遠反而撲了空!Please note that the operation hours of the museums can be subject to any changes. Otherwise, you might come all the way there for nothing. 四、在巴黎普遍消費都很貴,但還是建議觀光客可以去嘗試當地家庭小餐館或是異國美食,如此一來能有不同的生活體驗! 五、您不妨可以考慮搭火車去近郊參訪楓丹白露宮,在那可是拿破崙政治舞台輝煌和退位的重要宮殿之一。人潮較少,您可以有著比較高品質的參訪體驗而不是被人潮推著走!You might as well consider taking the train to visit Fontainebleau(=Beautiful Blue Fountain) in the suburbs, the very place where Napoleon was at his prime time and abdicated(=stepped down his throne) throughout his political career, also widely-recognized one of the most significant palaces in history. You could enjoy fewer crowds and visited there without being shoved around and have better experience of vising the historic sites. 六、在巴黎,習慣用"日安"來和對方打招呼與話題,會讓你備受歡迎且讓對方感受到尊重其法國文化。In Paris, we tend to greet and strike a conversation with " Bonjour", which will not only make you feel welcome at all places but also shower your audience with great respect to the French culture. 在法國是否要很早出門,才可以順利參訪行程中的景點呢? 要看每個旅人自己的住處和前往觀光景點的距離和交通方式。基本上許多觀光景點都是十點到下午六點為營業或開放時間,也要考慮到尖峰時刻的車潮,還有你的回程時間是否能夠趕得回來住處的交通工具時間。比如,你要到近郊的法國迪士尼樂園,如果你已經在台灣完成付費動作也列印出出場券,到了現場也參考了遊園平面圖了解要搭乘設施的流程,也可以提前去拿所謂的EXPRESS PASS(快速通關券),能夠事半功倍也省下排隊時間。在東京迪士尼樂園的經驗,大概四十分鐘才能夠玩一項設施,整個親子團到達樂園都下午三點多,能玩的不多;何況,還要把用餐時間和餐廳烹煮時間納入考量,法國迪士尼的料理鼠王餐廳是必須預約!要仔細評估才能夠出遊的喔^O^
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
【淺談巴黎花都行】: 《原來歐洲英文也能通:上篇》 每當打開世界地圖,不少人心中首選就是歐洲。其中最想立刻丟下工作,飛奔前去非巴黎莫屬。打開時尚雜誌,裏頭充斥夢幻時尚精品大道,名模優雅伸展舞台,轉身看到麵包店隔著玻璃窗陳列像珠寶盒的馬卡龍甜點,五光十色經典呈現專屬於風雅的你;旅遊上,持台灣國民護照可免申根(Schengen)簽證,順利進入歐洲各國,進出國境搭配快速通關通道,觀光零障礙。對於法國巴黎傳統印象,就是在香榭里舍大道上,看著河畔邊戀偶彷彿世界變成粉紅色泡泡;那高聳艾菲爾鐵塔不論晝夜都以絕美姿態矗立著,成了每個旅人心中必去朝聖地點。今天老師要親自體驗要帶著各位進入巴黎核心,認識一般人嚮往的夢幻國度,但其實有不為人知的淺規則!回到現實,好好剖析這個浪漫又危險的城市。你如果跑到咖啡廳直接說I'd like a cup of coffee會直接被白眼(eye-rolling)嗎?坐公車的時候準備要下車,跑到前頭去可是會被司機趕走。天阿!原來那個高高黑色的招牌『M』竟然不是大俠漢堡堡,而是地鐵(Metro)的入口站標誌?而途中老師又怎樣使用英文和簡單法文度過這一切的冒險呢?不可錯過,本人這次親自尋訪花都巴黎之血淋淋日記。 征服巴黎必備單字 Bonjour日安 V.S. Bonsoir 傍晚好 Boutique精品店(couture時裝) Bouquet 花束(a bouquet of flowers as the token of my gratitude表示感謝的花束) Banquet 餐宴(wedding banquet婚宴) Boulanger 麵包店V.S. P?棳tisserie 甜點店(Baguette長棍麵包 & ??clair閃電泡芙) ☆法國真的很危險嗎? 出國前,媒體大肆報導華人被攻擊慘案,或國際難民湧入造成混亂,讓許多朋友紛紛勸退我前往巴黎,讓這趟旅行在內心小劇場未演先轟動。事實上,法國由於經歷過查理周刊和國家音樂廳大規模流血事件後,整個法國巴黎的見警率相當地高。記得在凱旋門出口左前方就是世界知名的香榭里舍大道(les Champs-??lys?晹es),位置整個巴黎的西北部的第八區(同學大部分遊玩的主要地區都集中在第一和第二區),連去附近的ZARA服飾店、迪士尼商品專賣店、街上的露天咖啡店面,甚至麥當勞門口都是保全在看守,連內部都有維安人員在走動,著實讓我鬆了一口氣,也見識到法國政府要肅正風氣,建立出安全形象的旅遊環境的決心。 (A)It was a chilly morning and I put on my wind breaker and overcoat to get myself both dressed-up and wind-proof. Who on the earth would like to get sick at the first of your trip? When taking the stairs leading to the entrance of the Metro station near my hostel, I was totally caught off guard by the gust of wind sweeping over my body and blowing my hood to the back. Slightly on edge when handling the situation with my bag in hand loaded with sparking water from Carrerfour, I couldn't believe what I eye-witnessed at that moment, a guy in a decent suit lifted himself over the turnstile of the gate like an athlete crossed the hurdles in the Olympics. You might feel as startled as I was then but "FACE THE MUSIC", you have to move on because there's a big wave of commuters coming up after you. And it's important to IDENTIFY which direction you felt like taking and which line you might take. Transits are really common in Paris. Going through your map and routes before embarking on your trip.(在這微涼早晨,穿上自己的防風外套又披上英式大衣,來讓自己顯得用心打扮也能夠擋風。沒有人想要在旅程的首日就生病吧!?當一步步往地鐵的階梯走去,一陣強風立刻向我撲來而且把外套帽子給吹到後頭。同時間要處理拿著手上奘著從家樂福買來的汽泡水的袋子,我真不敢相信看到有個男子就像奧運選手一樣跳過票口閘門。你大概也跟我一樣傻眼在現場,但還是得繼續該做的事情!因為你背後會不斷湧出人潮擠推著你,必須要認清到底要去列車方向為何,而且要搭的到底是哪條線?(巴黎地鐵有些樞紐站,連接五個大主線,加上近郊的火車幹線)在巴黎轉車是很正常的!出門前,最好先把你的地圖和路線圖都摸清楚吧! (B)聖心堂(Sacr?晹-C?孲?婍ur):鳥瞰古典巴黎,情人約會勝地,同時危險指數破表! 春節期間台灣正飄著微微細雨,而在巴黎冷風直灌外套所有空隙,路人一個比一個還像粽子(根本不是洋蔥式穿法),老師自己都穿了快要三件外套了!但在有點小悲傷的時候,老天也給了我小確幸!沒錯,有溫暖的陽光灑在通往聖心堂的山坡上,而且整個教堂帶著一種迷濛的神秘感,讓我這趟深深覺得不虛此行。 →小提醒:歐洲洗手間都要收費,特別注意一般商店要消費才能去使用該店家廁所,不能長驅直入就殺進去,會被店家轟走!連一般咖啡廳或麥當勞都是完全禁止的!而且連鎖速食店通常都是要消費收據上的密碼才能進去的喔! 回歸正題,聖心堂,位於蒙馬特高地,能夠俯瞰整個巴黎景觀。旅人們出了地鐵站,迎接著你鋪著富有歷史感的石板地板,起伏著開始微傾的小山坡路,左右兩邊都是華麗紀念品店開攻,光是那些陳列在牆上,有著強烈地標美感的油畫系列明信片、時尚巴黎女孩悠閒喝著咖啡圖樣的手提包,依照四季有著不同風情吸引過路客。我沿途看到許多各國的觀光客也是沒在手軟,手上數個精緻的提袋就是很好的證據,裏頭有不可不敗的傳統手工糖果禮盒特賣店,讓你甘願一路扛到聖心堂上頭,也絕對不嫌重;其他袋子也有包裝精緻的馬卡龍,走進去店家就是各式各樣的綜合巧克力堅果和濃得化不開的甘納許巧克力糖餅,牆上乾淨透亮的櫥窗以及閃著誘人光芒的馬卡龍告訴你,這趟大家得嚐一口,不然一定飲恨回國,不需要崇拜名店,因為其實馬卡龍是國民點心,更是女孩們的下午茶必備點心,所以有一定檔次的店家口味都是很棒的!印象中,兩位帶著正紅唇膏和開朗笑容的店員很推薦的是焦糖海鹽(Caramel Salt "Sel")、開心果(Pistachio " Pistache)、藍莓(Blueberry"framboise blue)口味;令我驚艷的是咖啡(Caf?晹)口感,帶著微微的焦糖香,卻有種喝著義式咖啡的美好回甘錯覺! 如果行動不便者或體力要留在拉法葉百貨血拼的同學,就應該要選擇搭乘纜車,也可以避開讓老師"草"容失色的手繩幫。因為主要上去聖心堂,除了纜車,也可以走主要大階梯或是旁邊的繞道的緩坡。但老師建議大家盡量不要扛著大包包或是名牌配件走上去,因為很容被變成那些不法商人的目標。雖然老師有舊地重遊兩次,但都感受到一個人上下坡的經驗很可怕。 一位黑人商人手上纏著滿滿的小型艾菲爾鐵塔鑰匙圈,另外一隻手就是拿著幸運手環,準備要往我的手上綁著;其實,前進歐洲前就在網路上做了很多功課,知道那圈特別有手繩幫會強行給你綁上幸運環然後拿下來也不是,要是扯下來弄壞了那不是更鐵定要賠給人家?那時候他一個箭步就想撈起我的左手(因為我左手拿著袋子比較難抵抗),我立刻側身往右邊走,沒有想到竟然右邊也有一組人想要堵我的路,我就索性「雙手交叉」插著往下走,對方看我這麼熟練的應對,也沒有再為難我了!但下坡時候看到一些三五成群的美國青少年準備上去,我只好由衷地希望他門平安無事。 (照片攝於聖心堂第三大台階上,請特別小心扒手和兜售紀念品的商人,身上背包以及財物請放在胸前!)
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
終於很快的一年又飛快的過去了,大家是否也在過去的日子當中收穫滿滿,身心靈都慢慢成熟了呢?或許,看過了許多美景,也看過了許多人事變遷和悲歡離合。但千萬不要忘了,讓自己不斷學習進步,去挑戰新的事物,讓生命充滿更多的可能性,激盪出美麗浪花。一直很忠實閱讀本專欄的大小朋友們,也很努力學習英文,充實自己英文各方面實力;更養成用英文傳簡訊、用英文寫下心情點滴,也用英文測試自己過去這段時間的努力成果。不管用網路商店的app來測試自己的單字量、文法結構、聽力理解能力,都是讓自己保持在英文環境中。主動打造出自己的英文生活圈可是很重要的。一整天在外工作或接駁交通時間裡,都可以試著用英文表達自己想法,從生活中去發問,這樣英文肯定進步神速,且有源源不絕的靈感喔!那麼來試看看生活英文的題目,你能答對多少呢? Refrain from Googling for those answers; try to answer them by yourselves at the first place! 1. 抹花生醬在吐司上: Let's _____ the _____ _____ on the _____! 2. 鄰近地區的雜貨店: The _____ _____ in the _____ ! 3. 自作主張去買了電視購物產品: Take the _____ of _____ the _____ products 4. 表演一結束,觀眾都站起來鼓掌: When the _____ ended, all the _____ stood up and _____. 5. 在看電影當中,我忍不住哭出來了: In the _____ of the movie, I_____ into _____. 6. 這就是緣分呀! That's the _____ made in _____! 7. 這一束玫瑰花是感謝你的象徵:This _____ of the roses serve as the _____ of my gratitude for you! 8. 請解凍這份牛排,不然晚餐要準備超久的啦!Please____ the steak, or it will take me____ to prepare the whole meal! <優秀的你是否發現其實自己的英文實力很好呢!那麼一起來看看你的表現如何?> 1. 抹花生醬在吐司上: Let's spread the peanut butter on the toast ! 2. 鄰近地區的雜貨店: The grocery store in the neighborhood! 3. 自作主張去買了電視購物產品: Take the liberty of purchasing the televised products 4. 表演一結束,觀眾都站起來鼓掌: When the performance ended, all the audience stood up and applauded. 5. 在看電影當中,我忍不住哭出來了: In the middle of the movie, I burst into tears. 6. 這就是緣分呀! That's the marriage made in heaven! 7. 這一束玫瑰花是感謝你的象徵:This bouquet of the roses serves as the token of my gratitude for you! 8. 請解凍這份牛排,不然晚餐要準備超久的啦!Please defrost the steak, or it will take me forever to prepare the whole meal! 目前放眼全世界,許多已開發國家政府當局積極地把國家形象和相關產業,推到世界舞台上進行貿易交流協商、科技業高端訊息交流和頻繁文化藝術活動,讓人民不只是在舒適圈內生活,而是尊重珍惜自身獨特的文化生活圈外,更走進國際社會。台灣是擁有國際化視野和充滿高度的包容性,去欣賞不同民族的大家庭。每次提到文法就會讓同學認為只是枯燥的句型和很多專業術語,及物和不及物,從屬句型和讓步子句,或是在肯定、條件、假設句型上用法時機的差別,以及解釋句意可能含有時態指示詞,這樣可以讓我們去理解發生事件是否為可能發生情節或是與原時態相反或發生機率低的各種表達。學習英文的各位讀者們不難理解原本解子句本身帶有『名詞』、『形容詞』、『副詞』,進而延伸至句型結構中的【主受詞】,可以幫助同學在口語上應對上有豐富的內容,可以轉換不同說法,讓自己表達可以更清楚,讓聽眾了解你想表達的重點與訊息!在不同場合有不同文法功能,藉由練習後會發現其實一點也不困難而且信手拈來就是形容詞子句好範例,讓我們一起來練習吧! Daily Challenge: Adjective Clause Expressions 每日文法挑戰----形容詞子句表達 口訣:在句中凡遇到That S-V-O 接在名詞Noun的後方即有形容詞功用 舉例:我真的很喜歡你上週買的那台車 EX.: I really fancy the car that you bought last weekend 舉例:巴黎就是我放假期間很愛去的城市 EX.: Paris is the city that I love visiting during my holiday breaks. 1.那棟我哥哥住的豪宅就鄰近河畔。 That ______ that my ______brother lives is just near the _______. 2.歡迎光臨政府所贊助的德國市集,這裡可真是人山人海,你根本就很難擠出人潮了呀! Welcome to the ______ ______ that the government ______. That's incredibly ______ and you could barely ______ your way out of the ______. 3.請收下我親手做的巧克力蛋糕,雖然賣相不好看,但心意最重要不是嗎? Please ______ the ______cake that I ______ by ______. Although the ______ isn't so appealing to the prospective buyers, it is the ______ that really ______, right? 4.請謹記在心父母親說過的話都是打從心底的關懷。 Please ______ in mind that those words from ______ are all the ______ from the very ______ of their hearts. 5.你剛剛試穿的那條牛仔褲,我剛好也有一條。 The pair of ______ that you just ______ ______ happened to ______ the one that I've had. Answer Keys: 1.那棟我哥哥住的豪宅就鄰近河畔。 That _mansion_ that my _elder_brother lives is just near the riverbank_. 2.歡迎光臨政府所贊助的德國市集這裡可真是人山人海,你根本就很難擠出人潮了呀 Welcome to the _German__ _fair__ that the government _sponsored_. That's incredibly _crowded_ and you could barely _elbow_ your way out of the crowds. 3.請收下我親手做的巧克力蛋糕雖然賣相不好看但心意最重要不是嗎? Please _accept_ the _chocolate cake that I _made_ by _myself_. Although the _presentation_ isn't so appealing to the prospective buyers, it is the _thought_ that really _counts_, right? 4.請謹記在心父母親說過的話都是打從心底的關懷 Please _bear_ in mind that those words from _parents_ are all the _concerns_ from the very _bottoms_ of their hearts. 5.你剛剛試穿的那條牛仔褲我剛好也有一條 The pair of _jeans_ that you just_tried_ _on_ happened to resemble_ the one that I've had. <在英文中常見的各種【忍受】說法,你都會了嗎?> 1. My mother cannot ____ the cold but she's fine with the heating hot weather in southeastern Asia.我媽媽很怕冷的,可是她對於東南亞的暑氣卻很淡定。 2. Winnie will never ____the campus-bullying and she as a school principle will immediately expel those students violating the rules.溫妮無法容忍校園霸凌,身為一個學校的校長她會立刻把違反校規的學生退學。 3. My best friend, Nancy, has a hard time ____ the criticisms from others. She tends to be sulk alone without telling me what's going on and keeps things to herself.我的好朋友南西,對於別人的批評非常無法接受。她通常都會一個人生悶氣,也不告訴我到底發生什麼事情,常常自己悶不吭聲把事情放心上。 4. I am____ up with my demanding supervisor and am so ready to submit the resignation letter.我實在受夠了我老咄咄逼人的上司,我早就準備要給他辭呈了。 5. I am so ____ of my boyfriend cheating on my all the time and it seems he has showed no sign of remorse.說到我男友我就翻白眼,他從頭到尾都在欺騙我的感情,而且他似乎也沒有歉意。 Answer Keys: 1. My mother cannot (stand) the cold but she's fine with the heating hot weather in southeastern Asia.我媽媽很怕冷的,可是她對於東南亞的暑氣卻很淡定。→注意不要說成了I am afraid of the cold,這樣可是會讓你的英文老師大笑,因為這是我怕冷怕得要死了,好像是恐怖分子追殺你一樣。感覺寒冷時,記得把大衣穿起來,這樣就好啦,不要太誇張喔!所以把英文用到對的地方才會加分,不然可是會讓自己掉漆又扣分了喔! 2. Winnie will never( tolerate) the campus-bullying and she as a school principle will immediately expel those students violating the rules.溫妮無法容忍校園霸凌,身為一個學校的校長她會立刻把違反校規的學生退學。→這個單字tolerate是非常的嚴重的單字,因為這牽涉到一個體系或是一個人的最低底線,用了這個單字就是會讓人感受到你已經完全沒有辦法忍受下去了,甚至要訴諸法律來解決眼前的問題了! 3. My best friend, Nancy, has a hard time (stomaching) the criticisms from others. She tends to be sulk alone without telling me what's going on and keeps things to herself.我的好朋友南西,對於別人的批評非常無法接受。她通常都會一個人生悶氣,也不告訴我到底發生什麼事情,常常自己悶不吭聲把事情放心上。→我們都知道一個人的心情會影響到身體的狀態,壓力大就會睡不著,沒有吃對食物腸胃就會鬧脾氣。所以這邊的意思是"無法吞下"這口氣,或是"接受"對方或外界給的訊息或態度。所以這是從名詞胃部的轉化成動詞的說法喔,可以說是非常常用的口語和道地化的用法喔! 4. I am(fed) up with my demanding supervisor and am so ready to submit the resignation letter.我實在受夠了我老咄咄逼人的上司,我早就準備要給他辭呈了。→餵食三態: feed→fed→fed,這邊是採用動詞三態中的過去分詞,代表好像被硬餵著吃飯,好像被灌食的鵝,鵝肝都快要衝到爆炸的極限了,所以是真的快吐出來的感覺,對於現況十分不滿呢! 5. I am so (sick) of my boyfriend cheating on my all the time and it seems he has showed no sign of remorse.說到我男友我就翻白眼,他從頭到尾都在欺騙我的感情,而且他似乎也沒有歉意。→英文中的SICK其實不只是"生病"或"身體感到不適",其實SICK也可以當作作嘔或是對於狀況很反感的狀況。有些人就會說I am sick of your attitude and don't bother talking to me!(你的態度很有問題,請你不要再跟我說話了好嗎?)這樣也是相當粗魯的用語,也表達對方對受話者有相當的厭惡度!同學在表達上可以多加比較,可以理解和吸收很多不同場景會用到的單詞與表達,不用想太複雜的用詞來讓英文句型很華麗,才會讓自己的英文可以老嫗能解,而且你的用字本就該因你的聽眾而有不同抉擇!
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
(接續上期) 4.Never cut the cheese in the enclosed room. Have you felt suffocated with some strong wave of odor nearly chocking and pinching your nose as if it lost all faculty for sensing the danger looming over. Yes, I used to be attached by such thing overwhelming to me and someone farting so silently really caught me off guard, reminding me to hang myself in the elevators before I was drowned in your ill-digested smell of rotten food your gastric system failed to process well. I have no problem having leek for either of a meal a day but the leek from your anal is unbearable. No one will disapprove of my comments in this case. Again, please have a heart, and don't let off your steam so bad without considering people who shouldn't be forced to take in all the toxic gas from you. Plus, stop pretending the whole thing has nothing to do with you. It's really shady to do it without the courage to admit it. 5. Now, it's every guy's responsibility to open the toilet seat before you take the number one. Why? All the girls have suffered a lot in the long queue seeing no end of it and then the next battlefield is that each stall is filled with used sanitary pads or littered trash scattered around. If I were a girl, I would totally scream my head off and expect someone to clean the whole thing for me before I passed out at the filthy scene. When I was in Canada, the roommate " Jordan" always idled around and looked pretty socially-challenged and appeared desperate for some romance because he's way too horny to sit still in front of his desk for more than a minute. He might inspect our toilet stall which was also shared with the next-door two guys as our weird neighbors dropping by for borrowing some money or sharing some unknown liquid they called" beer" which I turned down the offer all the time. Could you believe it that there's one time Jordan stormed around the floor, lashing out on everyone he's met in our room after a small cozy party. He really took to inviting everyone he got acquainted with from the class, sports field, grocery store, or on the way to the church to our school for some gatherings. It might sound really ideal for you to get to know more friends when you were all left high and dry alone as one of the Asian. Suddenly, he turned to me and confronted me with the ridiculous sentence" Hey, dude, did you just piss on the toilet without lifting the seat?" I hesitated for moment and my brain required some time to process the whole thing until he took a step further to affirm what I was really up to or forced me to come clean what I might have done." No, I didn't do it and it could be other people swinging by or just simply the other roommate forgot to do it when rushing home for taking the dumps?" shivered my voice, I was totally flabbergasted after he narrowed his eyes at my face. Truth to be told, if he forced me to come up with any suspects, I would totally identify a suspect randomly on the street. He was really scary to spend a second against his words. Oops, that's so-called" Campus-bullying" or " Dorm-Bullying" that most experts have been seeking some efficient solutions to and the horrible reasons some young adults ended their lives for. No problem, I could totally deal with it then. I plucked up my courage and recorded the whole encounter on my notebook and elaborated the details regarding what exactly occurred in our room conversation (maybe I spied up the story a bit) and the dormitory director did take it like really seriously and expected me to meet up with my old roommate by making an arrangement for some kind reconciliation or mental guidance. I totally felt disgusted about the idea that my school teacher intended to put me in the room to deal with the bully who could possibly hurt me again in public! That's another shame I couldn't afford to accept. In a word, I moved out to a single suite and no penalty on a scholarship student like me. Thanks God, I moved out and started smiling at anyone, including the bully (aka. My short-fused roommate) without feeling anxious after all, moving on my campus life afterwards. Hurray! 6. The phenomena of passing your smartphone or even the tablet compute to your children to comfort them in a strange environment or serve as an incentive for their obedience has been increasingly prevalent. And I could figure that most parents after all the shouting and spitting from the mealtime felt totally powerful for entertaining their kids to sit still around the dining table, or shutting their big crying mouth in the movie theater. They just cried at the top of the lung as if there were an invisible conductor signaling them all to burst into tears simultaneously and screaming like the opera singer would soar high her notes on the music piece. I am not exaggerating about the great stress of looking after the children who can totally get on your nerves without a second of break. To those little monsters, they are uncontrollable most of the time and cried their way up to alert all the adults they didn't get adequate amount of rest because their brain remained hyper-active thanks to the daytime entertainment games we as parents have aspired to design in order to stimulate their critical thinking and creativity. Now, the plan obviously backfired. They stayed awake for the whole night long while we became seriously sleep-deprived. That's horrible and unacceptable. According to medical findings , the excessive use of electronic devices will have significantly impacted the children's brain growth and the level of concentration on learning new things. Your brain requires some "shuteye" for process, integrating, and forging the long-term memory in preparation for future challenges. We, instead, are supposed to spend more quality time talking to and chatting with children who are in urgent of in-depth conversations with people they trust most and develop the positive cycle of negotiation helping them foster the healthy speech system, hereby building up confidence and optimistic attributes when dealing with some challenges, frustrations, predicaments, or the very moment of pushing their limits like this way. From the abovementioned descriptions, cultural difference might define different approaches to parenting or socializing with others under various circumstances. Nevertheless, it's totally unavoidable to identify our shortcomings and strength in responding to daily issues. There's always a way finding the answer to handling our some seemingly serious but solvable situations. Please stay open-minded and don't complicate things before you talk to others around for some different comments. You always need a second opinion in the decision-making process. We all could be blind when enduring the ordeals in life or falling in love with the new crush he or she might also manipulate your emotions. The sense of guilty from time to time could creep it way to you when you aspired to run away from your morality. People are watching you no matter what you try to impress us or literally keep a profile for in your social circle. Hey, you are not alone and we are all struggling sometime if you have plenty of problems at hand. Yes, there's an important presentation pending this weekend and your friends suddenly cancelled the once-in-a-blue-moon precious classmate reunion. That's why my used-to-be long friend list on my contact now has shrunk into a list like the new phone was programed to be. That's pathetic, right? But some of my student shed some light on my situation and reminded it just needs some time to process the whole thing. Never feel resentful and terribly hopeless if your life was in a low tide and feel like ending everything by snapping your fingers. Drowning in water could be a must-experience phase when you swim your way near the shore for fresh air you desperately need and expect more from pouring your heart when loving everyone from the childhood to adulthood. The most important moment when you meet someone special is the very timing you can embrace all the pains and torments with peace of mind. Yes, the cost of growing up is always painful that's why we have been told how fortunate we have all in hand with all the painstaking experience, time of sobbing alone for failing something we'd buried our heads into, right? You are all amazing people and you shall share, let go of the negative feelings someone could possibly or subconsciously impose on you. Don't burden your life with unnecessary hatred but open your arms for more genuine affections and warm greetings. You can be the next life-changing for someone in life. (全文完)
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
Hi, students! It's another month that just passed and did any life topics ever come across your mind? Any interpersonal issues can really bug you for the whole night and therefore give you the insomnia in the middle of the sleep? Sometimes we do find it hard to settle what really befell on us. The only solution to those trifles could be staying calm and keeping your composure when some negative voices challenged you to the certain extent. You might push yourself to some limits for good growth instead of taking all the criticism too person and becoming one of the haters you used to loathe before. Now, please take a pen and write down some topics you feel like knowing and probably send me a letter about what you've been working on and dealing with in life. My email account is: spontaneous930@gmail.com and please make sure you will specify your name and what questions you find it hard to get the fixed or faced with. And you can rest assured that your personal affair or true name won't be revealed on this or any other publications or print works. If you simply want some simple advice from me, please quote" I just need some pointers" while you can send me a letter with some urgent answers and you are fine with the responses from me shown on the newsletter. Please iron your thoughts and get everything well-organized when things got complicated. I can relate to you when you take the pen and write down some thoughts(sometimes really private), your brain might get fried. But no worries for that, I was there and then like you all readers when faced with writer's block. Go read some books, watch some interesting movies, or chat with your dear friends for some inspirations. Writing a letter to someone in English shall be an exciting and fun experience. What's more, you can receive my sincerest reply based on your questions with my utmost efforts figuring out what to do in your position. So don't be shy and please count on me this time. We'll meet on the mailbox and interact with each other, then. Finger crossed for y'all!
Last evening, it's a routine gathering with some of my students from TOEIC course and they kept bombarding me with some confusing wording or testing strategies in reading and listening. I somewhat found it hard to elaborate all in details. Then, there came a light-bulb popping up in my brain. Why didn't you guys jot down what really got your brain fried and some questions that you encountered might be the downfall in your tests? And it did work out like magic and we quickly switch our discussion to an entirely different direction. Well, I've got to admit that I was reluctant to take in all rumors or some gossips proven by some hard evidence I didn't even notice in the first place. Friends around me never crowned me as the " Big Mouth for Scandals" but they seemed always intrigued by those and kept digging in some news I might have heard from a little bird or the grapevines. Chances are that I might never get to the core of it because I am the individual repulsive of those hypocrites or phony smiles which I would say " No" and turn around right after identifying it all. Yes, nipping it in the bud is the best prevention from deteriorating any relationships. I can totally survive all forms of struggles and pull myself out of all, steering clear of all mud-slinging insults or defamation in reality or the cyber-space. Trust me, I am totally aware of the people I've been hanging out with and it is a big matter to figure out whether things I was told were truths or fabricated scams. Honesty in a relationship meant a whole world to me. Without commitment, I am fine with that idea because the bad economy didn't occur once or even in one region of the world. BUT without honesty, everything you intended to entrust your friends on will crumble like the biscuits in baby's hand, torn into pieces. You never pieced it all together like the way it used to be. We, humans, have already dwelt in the world full of variables and the sense of uncertainty. There's no way I can be there to waste my time on the shamelessly sophisticated deceiver lying through his teeth right in my face. You might let me down for not achieving things you've promised so hard, but I am totally comfortable with it as long as you've exerted considerable efforts getting there regardless. Stooping so low to the level of your incredible peer is not a sweet deal under all circumstances. Let me remind you that it's a painstaking process cutting the tie with those close friends you used to hang out with. Why? The defeated feeling will come to you and question you why you didn't pull it through and maintain a healthy friendship like others did. We all tend to blame ourselves for misfortune and become vulnerable to such tough calls whether to stay in the bad relationship without looking so desperate for someone to shower us affection or earning yourself a reputation of Mr./Ms. Difficult in the friend circles. Exchanging rumors is probably not your cup of tea but it's for others.And those rumor mongering at workplace or at school can really drive you nuts and those voices teasing you will never go away no matter how hard you've tried to get away with."Insecure people only eclipse your sun because they're jealous of your daylight and tired of their dark, starless nights." You might as well look on the bright of the future and focus on the people who really cherish you and accept who you really are. Having felt the urge to interview people with their own one hundred valid opinions, I came to realization that there're some so-called " personal habits" which could possibly drive us crazy while your friend or family might not be aware of that. The followings are some recollections of individual memories or experiences and if you happen to fall into any category, don't sulk in great shame; instead, you shall pull yourself together and determine to turn over a new leave for a better life by looking on the bright side of the life by means of reflecting on yourself and correcting some "insignificant" behaviors that might trigger some misunderstandings in terms of cultural difference and social backgrounds. 1.At workplace, some of your "nice" co-workers forgot to refill the tissue box after using up the last sheet of tissue paper and it will leave the next one in hot water (or total smelly embarrassment). When you take a look at the washroom at home, you could realize your brother took out the last tissue and left the flimsy plastic wrapper on the shelf so vulnerable. Please have a heart and go get some new unopened tissue box, please! You just don't burden any housekeeper or someone taking turns to clean the washroom, right? You could be the next victim. 2.When stepping into the cafeteria, I was terribly starving after the long morning course demanding students to turn in at least ten-page paper due prior to the next week. My hands were loaded with books and a heavy bag cutting my shoulders, leaving a little room for my plate with one empty bowl and one empty plate on it. There's always a huge cooking hot laid on the dining table of the soup station. It's the " Won Ton" day! Wow, that's totally surprising me for having some hometown dishes available in Canada. Unexpectedly, while fishing for some nice Won Ton from the creamy murky liquid, all I had got was some dumpling wrappers floating in the soup. Yes, all the fillings inside the dumplings were totally emptied and scooped out by someone (some others) during lunchtime. I was too late to some to "their "rescue and enjoyed my once-in-a-blue-moon Chinese food day. Ouch! That really hurts for not having the chance to chew on the tender wrappers outside the dumplings and the juicy meat flavored with some soy sauce, cabbage, and some other spices skillfully mixed and placed inside. Nothing is more appalling than losing your food in the your familiar choices while resenting the foreign greasy food at that day. 3.Most people have difficulty resisting the temptations of grabbing sugary beverages before and after work while very few noticed the dire consequence of tossing those containers with half-torn sealing on the top posing a great threat on the living environments. The cost is way too high and it's really selfish to poison our land without conscience. So please bear in mind that you are obligated to tear the whole sealing around the rim of the cup before tossing it the recycled bin. Do it for our future generations and never burden our planet already overloaded with all forms of pollution. (未完待續) -
A New Insight into Communication
English Article We recently went on an excursion to the post office, to send off our absentee ballots for the upcoming presidential election in the U.S. The absentee balloting process was hard to understand even in English; if certain procedures are not followed exactly, the ballot is voided. Combined with our fledgling Chinese skills, our simple task of voting abroad became a production fraught with miscommunication and mounting frustration, as the post office neared closing time. The experience culminated with a very amused employee exclaiming, "Ding dong!", to convey the concept of a doorbell. He meant to ask us if we needed our packages to be signed at the door upon delivery. Thankfully, we did not. After a few months in Kinmen, we've come to realize that communication is not restricted to speaking and writing, but is a more common language of shared movements, expressions, and even sound effects. Our quest to communicate has been a journey to utilize the universal, which has not always been the easiest path. What is obvious to us might not be similarly obvious to someone who has never experienced American culture, or immersed themselves in a different language. Take, for example, road signs. Though we had assumed them to be similar to those we were used to at home, we quickly discovered while preparing for our written scooter test that they were not. The concept of a road sign requires that its viewers be able to understand via common sense, we found it really only applied within a certain cultural context. It was a context to which we were fairly foreign. Imagine a world in which you are reduced to questioning even your ability to read signs on the road. What do you do? How do you travel? In our case, the answer was not drastic: as with our language skills, we simply learned to interpret differently. Looking back now, the signs were not really hard to understand. When we drive, they make perfect sense to us in the context of driving in Kinmen. Hook turns were a confusing concept, but having seen and performed the turn multiple times, it has become part of our intuition. On a Kinmen road, it makes perfect sense. Having immersed ourselves even in this small aspect of culture, we have absorbed a new set of unspoken and visual cues. "Ding-dong!" and road signs, the parts of communication that exist outside of language, demonstrate that intuition can be learned and communication is about understanding the world before we can even speak. We were preoccupied with learning Mandarin when we first arrived, and even now we fall into that narrow perspective. In reality, you need to comprehend and appreciate the community from which languages come and the shared understandings of communication between people. Before we perfect our Chinese as a language, we are trying to understand the people who speak it because we have found that the unspoken is the foundation for the simplest of connections.
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文化溝通的洞察力
中文的文章 我們最近去了郵局來寄出我們的美國人民缺席選票。這個登記為缺席選票的過程真的很繁複,就算我們是美國人,也都需要花很多時間去了解。只要一個程序沒有做對,這張缺席選票就會作廢。再加我們只會基本、簡單的中文,你就可以猜到我們有多困難了!而這項登記為缺席選票的任務,也變成一場噩夢,充滿了許多挫折和溝通上的困難。就在我們已經完成的時候,也到了郵局要下班的時刻了。這時,有一位經驗豐富的郵局辦事員開玩笑地說 "叮咚" 來表示一個門鈴聲響。他想要知道我們的郵件送到時對方需不需要簽收?還好,我們不需要。 我們到金門已經一段時間了,越來越了解和人溝通並不只是單單的口說和寫作,而是一個包含動作、表情、和聲音的藝術。我們試圖去結合這幾項說話的要點,但我們發現這並不是一條簡單的路。對於從未經歷過美國文化或沉浸在不同語言當中的人來說,可能不是這麼明顯。舉例來說像是道路標誌。我們以為這些路標跟美國的一樣,但當我們在準備機車考試的時候才發現並不是這樣。雖然道路標誌應該通過常識來解釋,但我們發現台灣的路標仍然有特定的文化背景,是我們覺得相當陌生的。 想像一下,如果你住在連一個連路標都看不懂的城市,你該怎麼辦?要怎麼去旅行?對我們來說,答案並不難:就拿我們的語言能力來說,我們僅學會如何用不同的方式來解釋事物。現在回想起來,路上的標識並不難看懂。當我們熟悉一個環境後,一切的標識都會顯而易懂。二段式左轉對我們來說是一個難以理解的規則,但是當我們嘗試許多次後,自然而然就變成了一種習慣,甚至已經成了直覺反應。只有當自己完全沉浸在一種文化中,哪怕是很小的一部分,我們都會潛移默化地接受這種文化的熏陶和洗禮,並更深入的活在當地的文化中。 "叮咚"聲還有道路標誌,這些超出語言的交流方式,都向我們證明了溝通和交流其實就是對於文化的理解和認知。即使我們不會用語言來表達,我們同樣可以溝通。我們剛到金門時,全神貫注地學習中文,事實上,我們更需要去領悟和感激這一個文化和土地所給我們的,並且理解這樣的文化是如何交流。在我們學習好中文以前,我們要試圖了解那些說中文的人,因為文化和不言而喻的習慣才是學習語言的基礎。
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
每天打開電視收看天氣預報,今日氣溫會驟降要嚴防低溫,又看到外面天氣晴朗無比,此時長輩就會很擔心的說:「I am afraid of the cold」,但這是犯了中式英文的陷阱喔!因為其實所謂的"很怕冷"並不能用英文的afraid,去表達自己「無法忍受」的概念,反而聽起來很像「我聽到寒冷我就嚇得像看到鬼」!如果是外國友人聽到肯定會說"Why are you so AFRAID of the cold?Just put on your coat and turn on the heater indoors."(你為什麼要懼怕寒冷成這樣?穿上外套和把暖器打開不就好了嗎?)正確的說法應該是:「I cannot stand the cold」同學應該不會太意外這樣的表達,畢竟STAND除了站立也有忍受的意思,類似的用法就像: (A)If you cannot stand the heat, stay out of the kitchen.(=shape up or ship out!怕熱,就不要進廚房。其實意思就是沒那個本事就不要進這個職場或擔任這個位置) (B)Please bear with me for a minute, I will be right back.(請稍待一會兒,我馬上回來。) (C)Please hold your horse. This project won't be wrapped until the accounting department approved the initiative.(請別急,這個專案要等到會計部門核准才會通過喔!) (D)I am fed up with my mom nagging all the time so that I decided to move out from my family.(我受夠我媽老在那邊念我,我決定要從家裡搬出去了。) (E)But for Sarah's encouragement, I wouldn't be able to endure all the painstaking moments.(要不是沙拉當時的鼓勵,我就沒有辦法撐過那些痛苦的時刻了。) (F)The school has a zero tolerance of cyber-bullying. Any student who is officially reported to abuse others physically or verbally will be liable to legal punishment and be expelled for good.(校方對校園霸凌這件事情完全沒有妥協空間。任何學校經由舉報有類似肢體上或言語上去欺負其他學生,將會接受法律上的處分和永遠被學校開除的命運!) (G)The staff were totally sick of the supervisor taking all the credits and blaming all his fault on us.(員工真的很受購主管老是把好處通通攬在身上又把自己犯得罪都推給我們推得一乾二淨) (H)My friends refused to pick the slack for me and threaten to unfriend me if I kept procrastinating everything we both promised on.(我朋友拒絕在幫我收爛攤子了,如果我再繼續這樣虛應故事下去,還威脅要刪除我好友!) 各位同學經過以上常見例句的用法,應該都可以感受到老師的用心整理以及希望同學生活慣用句中學習英文的態度和培養出用英文思考生活場景的能力吧!然而,每個同學學習英文都要應該要知道從「聽懂主要訊息(聽力第一次)?完整訊息閱讀(聽力第二次+閱讀原句)?深入體會用字時機(解析結構:找出SVO,找出主要句和條件句關係)?建立輸出能力(內化深刻)?順利回應問題(戰勝口說)和書寫出正式書信(下筆成文)」經常到海外出差的Sandra在跟各國客戶接洽交流或商討生意細節時,都會難免想到自己用的英文是否符合基本文法標準,或是有沒有用對單詞來表達當下的需要讓對方理解的訊息。在書局中只要寫著「道地美語」、「英國俚語」或「道地口音不求人」的說法時候,就會想要一窩蜂地去購買,希望讓自己從嘴裡說出的每一句話都很符合道地的表達,可以在同事間或同學中能夠比較技高一籌的感覺。但其實這類的書籍可以當作輔佐學習的工具書,但不能以「口語化」的表達來當作學習的主軸。為什麼呢?因為所有的語言都應該要從最基礎最完整的表達開始,不需要一味追求簡化句型或太過於口語化的說法,這樣反而會讓聽眾覺得過於輕浮,而無法去重視你的簡報內容,也要避免使YEAH!OUCH! YOU KNOW! 這類的用語,在許多的外商公司使用這類的詞語都會被大大扣分。 在國際航空公司工作將近五年的Amy告訴老師,自己在擔任空服員的過程當中,當客人詢問免稅商品的時候,就會容易脫口而出"We have many souvenirs for sale, like perfume, necklace, fountain pen, wallet, and so on."同學有抓到BUG了嗎?基本上在英文的句子中的舉例,如果使用LIKE會顯得過於不正式,並不夠禮貌。平常在句型舉例中,我們都比較偏向SUCH AS在接著A,B,AND C內容學習中文也會分出平常生活用語和正式場合的表達不是嗎?其實,很多人都會認為自己在學習的過程當中很努力耕耘英文的深度,可是卻無法很流利的說出一口道地的英文。重點是在要把書面英文(written English)和口說英文(spoken English)作出分別,就像"I feel devastated about the victims in an earthquake." 的說法,這是屬於"極度痛心疾首"的狀態來表達自己的哀慟,甚至國家總理或部長都會用來表達自己很沉痛的心情,對於這次地震受害者和受到創傷的國民共體時艱,會跟他們站在一起的意思;相對起剛剛的強烈語意," I am sad for them"就顯得比較輕微而且比較適合在口語裡提到。要是你在一群外國朋友面前用前面那句來說明你的感觸,顯得太過於矯作和不誠懇,畢竟這是發生在他國的事情,即使很有同理心想去協助,也無法像當地人般的感受相同,所以還是要小心的用字遣詞!遇到朋友親友逝世或是生活發生劇變,也不需要說"I AM SORRY",記得,人不是你殺的!這樣道歉是多餘的,應該要說清楚"I AM SORRY FOR YOUR LOSS",對於您的逝去親人或遺失的寶貴物品,我深表遺憾。這樣既可以表達你的心情,又不會顯得失禮或太過於虛偽了! 現在各位同學大概都有抓到學習英文的脈絡和方向了吧!那麼最近很多需要考英檢的學生都很苦惱,學了這麼久英文常會腦子轉不過來。為什麼 TO+ VR(原形動詞)的慣例會被打破,有時候要加V-ING的情況很難掌握,還有特殊動詞直接加動名詞或名詞片語,這些都讓大家在考試的時候,感到很挫折;下筆前,都要想個半天才行;開口前,也會擔心自己的文法說錯而被異樣的眼光看待。其實大家不用拘泥在表達的文法上,應該要常用常寫下來自己想表達的話,藉由大量練習和大量的閱讀,就不難修正自己的台式英文。而且語言本來就是一步一腳印,而且要溫故知新。所以每次學生沒準時上課或是因為假日大家都放假也順便把英文放諸腦後,真是令老師很頭痛。一個過年回來,就好像從來沒碰過英文一樣的陌生。保持英文熟悉度複習自己已經學習過的東西,遠比一直想填鴨新的卻不熟悉的東西好多了。想求資訊輸入腦海,再來就是熟悉度增加,之後就是有機會可以在不同社交場合展現出實力,從錯誤中或不足的地方去進步和調整自己的用語,這樣會整體實力增加很快速喔!接下來老師就要替大家整理常見的情況是TO+V-ing/N./Np,可要好好的仔細念過甚至還可以用在考試中來增加自己的句型豐富度,藉此可以訓練表達想法的流暢度喔! 特殊英文TO加上V-ing的常用狀況(英檢特快車之考生加油) (A) Take to + N./N.P./ V-ing=be fond of (對某人事物喜歡) EX.:Sam takes to going hiking with family on weekends, but he also enjoys embracing solitude in meditation.山姆很喜歡周末和家人去健行,他也很享受沉浸在靜坐中的自處。 (B) In addition to+ N./N.P./ V-ing(除此之外還有) EX.: In addition to volunteering in the charities, Fanny also donated a land for building an orphanage in the suburbs.除了在慈善機構當義工,范尼也捐了一塊在郊區的地給孤兒院用。 (C) Contribute to +N./N.P./ V-ing(促成) EX.:The exhaust emission from all forms of vehicles has significantly contributed to polluting the air quality in the city.在各種車輛中排放的廢氣已經很明顯造成都市的空氣汙染。=The exhaust emission from all forms of vehicles has significantly contributed to deterioration of the air quality.各種車輛中排放的廢氣已經很明顯造成都市空氣惡化了! (D) (奉獻三部曲)Be devoted/dedicated/committed to+ N./N.P./ V-ing=devote/dedicate/commit oneself to+ N./N.P./致力於;投入於某事物(活動) EX.:The school teachers have been not only committed to helping intrigue students' interests in learning English but also encouraged them to grow more independent when confronted with obstacles in life.學校老師們不僅僅投入於幫助引起學生學習英文的興趣,而鼓勵她們去面對問題時可以變得更加獨立!) (F) Look forward to +N./N.P./ V-ing(期待期望) EX.:Our general manager has been looking forward to seeing you over the future partnership in the Asia-pacific forum.我們總經理很期待未來在亞太合作論壇在與您相會!) ★《來去特殊動詞》:Come/ Go/ Leave + V-ing?表未來式 (A)Come(前來): Brian is coming on his way to the gym.(We are at the gym. Brian is coming over)布萊恩正往體育館來的路上(說話者就在體育館,所以布萊恩是朝向他們的方向前來) √Come over at my place過來我這裡吧!*Thanks for letting me crash in at your place!謝謝讓我去你家過夜! √Come on in, guys! 大家歡迎光臨 √Come clean, or you'll be doomed.最好交代清楚,不然你就完蛋了! √Come to an end進入尾聲 (B)Go(前往;離開去): Big John is going to Denmark next month and he's busy packing his luggage for the trip.(Big John has planned to visit Denmark. That's why he needs to work on the itineraries and figure out what he should bring to the other country.)約翰大哥下個月要去丹麥,而且他忙著要打包行李要出遊。 (C)Leave:The train is leaving New York in three minutes. Passengers shall get on board as soon as possible.( The train is scheduled to leave soon but hasn't departure yet. And passengers are expected to board the train as soon as possible)火車三分鐘後要駛離紐約,乘客要盡快上火車。(火車預定即將離開,但還沒有駛離。所以乘客趕緊上車!)
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英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
學習語言的歷程其實喜悅多於辛苦,快樂多於挫敗。每個人對於語言的吸收度和接受度都不同,這跟先天家庭環境培養出的個性特質和後天在社會每個階段中所接觸待人接物的反省,或生活歷練的酸甜苦辣和種種體會,都有很深遠的關係。而且其實大家在升學體制中,除了辛苦的K書和大小考試接踵而至,以前學校老師毒辣的體罰(現在孩子超級幸福啦!),對於念書就是一個走天堂路的概念,達到老師的目標後還要更好更精進,苦難綿綿無絕期!不過大家也不難發現,怎會才幾年過後,現在回頭看以前怎麼算都算不會的數學還是很冠冕堂皇的作文題目,現在竟然一目了然而且也多了很多感慨想分享,完全沒有當年越算越痛苦,讀書越讀越輸的感覺。因為我們身心靈都慢慢茁壯,而且被大社會洗禮過,多少也會學著做事情要更謹慎更體察入微很多細節。整體做事也更有規劃,思想上也縝密,雖然生活的細節太多無法臻至完美,但至少可以做到不失禮節和完成團體任務。 如果在耕耘英文的路上覺得辛苦,你絕對不孤單,YOU ARE NOT ALONE!因為大家都是這樣熬過去,而且老師更從以前學校時代,有機會代表演講、朗讀;寫作,或參加校外營隊的磨練時刻,通通不放過,而且用力把握每個學習的關鍵時刻。雖然也曾有上台腦中一片空白,明明都是練了好幾周的演講稿怎麼還會忘記呢?比賽完後也會很氣自己,怎麼不夠認真一點,就不用在那邊埋頭苦悶了!其實不用把自己逼得太緊,老師也曾經在全國作文比賽中,看到別人洋洋灑灑寫了將近四大張的A4作文稿,而自己東湊湊西湊湊也才兩頁多,而且內容感受乏善可陳。不管是跟鄰居平常的話家常、去市場購物照著清單列表跟攤販確認內容、工作上與同事間協調交換資訊、朋友間約定時期出遊的細節討論,每項無不需要自己的清楚邏輯能力和簡潔用詞讓對方可以了解你要的目標和結果。 每次只要看到作文老師說:IDENTIFY YOUR AUDIECNE(搞清楚你傳達訊息的對象是誰!)就免不了翻個白眼,想說又在那邊掉書袋,說得這麼簡單,寫作根本就是要集合所有單字片語文化和生活經驗的綜合阿!但就像我剛剛提過的,大家在練習寫作或口語表達的過程當中,確實要「看人說人話、看鬼說鬼話」,學習有技巧的用語,要老嫗能解不是自HIGH就可以交差了事。以前大學繳交作業,老師從都不遲交而且都很喜歡提早給老師批改,可是剛開始都會被老師退回說,你再把你自己的作文看清楚一次。最後發現,是自己的想法太過跳躍型。真正寫作關鍵應該是【審題後,從大眾觀點寫到自身觀點,並把自身觀點濃縮成至少三大點。接著照著自己的三大點在每一段寫出支持論點及實例,然後寫下簡潔有力的結論。英文作文中的每一段都是用一篇作文的方式來處理。】這個訣竅一定要掌握到,可以在同樣的時間,比起很多學生寫出更完整的段落也更有說服力的內容!讓老師來簡單的舉例一下吧。如果今天拿到的題目是Health Is Important(健康是重要的),那麼就可以思考「健康的定義是什麼?」,那麼一般大眾認為"健康的必要條件是什麼呢?"而你自己在審題的過程當中,你有沒有自己獨特的意見呢?一般我們都建議同學,不要立刻寫出自己腦海中跑出的第一個答案,因為很容易和其他考生寫出一模一樣的內容。除非你的用字遣詞特別道地或有豐富的舉例,不然其實很容易掉入低分區,甚至無法讓老師看到你有程度的一面,之前的努力耕耘就很難發揮出來了。所以老師才會跟學生強調:要盡量把自己的想法組織起來之外,把一般人的態度見解和自己的本身的想法論點做出區隔,才會有比較有針砭,才能豐富整篇文章,自然就會顯得很別出心裁,就可以在嚴謹的文章結構中,獲得閱卷老師的青睞。
It's essential that we should do exercises on a daily basis to keep energetic for the whole day at work or for learning knowledge at school. With health, we are likely to accomplish the delegated tasks more efficiently.(每天運動保持精力充沛不管在工作上或學校裡的學習,都是很重要的!) As a matter of fact, I am convinced that there are five primary elements leading to health:(A)Regular exercise , (B) balanced diets, (C) Adequate amount of sleep, (D) Optimistic attitude, and (E) Social connection. We should all bear in mind that a healthy body is the foundation of a healthy life.(事實上,通往健康的路上有五大要素: (A)規律的運動,(B)均衡的飲食,(C) 充足的睡眠,(D)樂觀的態度,和(E)人際交往。我們都應謹記"健康的生活來自於健康的體魄") 以上的例子同學就不難理解,老師所說的作文基本開門見山要寫的內容和邏輯推演,這是很基本的下筆模式,也是最井然有序的思考排列。接下來就是要利用在第一段所說的要點去下手。同學不必被老師列出的五個大點嚇到,並不是要大家寫出一個開頭+五個支持句+一個結尾,這樣結構太過於冗長也沒有時間書寫完整。列出這些要點是給同學參考,也提醒各位讀者在面對生活的議題,可以試著用中文列出自己的看法和評論,然後再試著翻譯成英文,利用短句的方式可以慢慢潤飾自己的表達是否得體,然後在老師修改過後,可以更準達自己的想法和立論重點,引導讀者可以理解作者的初衷和希望傳達的訊息內容,這樣就是篇很有效率又傑出的文章了! 那麼生活中我們要怎麼開始練習呢?邏輯的思考聽起來很難,事實上可以用短句來練習,慢慢加入資料背景後,可以讓整個句子有強烈的因果關係,可以更豐富原本枯燥又陳腔濫調的說法。微調自己的用語表達也可以訓練自己用不同的說法來闡述一件事情,這也是要下不少工夫才可以有的直覺寫作能力。那麼在了解這些要點以後,大家也可以去慢慢觀察自己下筆的用字,甚至可以把相關單字都整理出來,讓自己可以趁這個機會去做分辨的功夫,利用資訊工具找到貼切的例句搭配加深印象,在練習寫作的過程也可以同時反映自己單字句型的缺失,可以找到精進英文能力的方向,這是很需要耐心和整理技巧的一門功夫,所以大家一定要更用心去學習和體會。廢話不多說,直接讓老師帶妳們來看以下的短句示範吧! *原句:The typhoon is forming.(有個颱風正形成中)→(進階句:加入相關字詞) The typhoon is forming and moving towards Taiwan so that all people on the island shall stay alert of its potential damage.(有個颱風正形成中,正往台灣移動當中,所以全島人民應該要警戒可能發生的災害損失。) (A)form(v.)形成【start to take shape or evolve into N】→In most countries, the churches are built in the form of the cross.在許多國家。很多教堂都是建成十字架的外觀。 (B)reform(v.)整頓(n.)改革【uni: put something together + form: shape】→After deliberation, Brian resolved to reform his career from an electrician to a civil servant to maximize his strength in pipelines and blue plan for the infrastructures.在深思熟慮之後,布萊恩下定決心要轉行從電子技工去當一名公務員,為了要去充分發揮自己在公共建設管線布置上的長才。 (C)deform(v.)(變)畸形 【uni: put something together + form: shape】→The house was entirely engulfed in a blaze last month; tragically, Helen's limbs were severely deformed and had to wear the customized suit for regaining the flexibility of muscles.上個月這個房子整個被火舌吞沒了;很慘地,海倫的四肢都嚴重燒傷變形,需要穿特製的衣服來讓肌肉重建彈性。(同學可以特別注意這個單字:DISFIGURE是毀容) (D)uniform(n.)制服【uni: put something together + form: shape】→Most parents are still in favor of the idea that students are required to wear the uniform to school instead of spending time on their appearances only. That will put the cart before the horse.許多父母親還是支持學生要穿制服上課,而不是讓孩子整天在注意自己的外表。不然這樣會本末倒置。 (E)conform(v.) 【uni: put something together + form: shape】→During the orientation, the supervisor clearly specified the importance of team work within the firm. It's also imperative that all employees conform to the guidelines as regulated. In this way, the whole system could be kept orderly and efficiently.在新進人員訓練會中,長官清楚指示公司內部團隊合作的重要性。同樣地,所有的員工都要遵照員工指南來進行動作。如此整體系統運作才能維持著秩序和效率。 所以在專欄當中老師帶大家體會學習英文的心路過程。不管是在寫作上可能遇到的挫折,或是口語上常有詞不達意的部分,這些都是難免。而且都應被視為訓練自己能力的好機會,不要因為一時失敗就退縮,這次寶貴經驗不是失敗而是讓未來自己下一次的表現更好。不管是在公司內部口頭簡報,同學對於專題討論而進行小組報告整體發表,不管順利或中間有點停頓不如預期的表現,都要聽進老師所分享的話語Failure is the mother of Success(失敗為成功之母) -
英文原來這樣說 (English Is A Piece of Cake)
Bonjour to all. Have you had a great time travelling with friends or family? It's time for me to journey somewhere for peace of mind. If not, you are supposed to embark on a trip somewhere you've never been before in poverty or prosperity. New encounters can always enlighten or enrich your life to certain extent. Dear all, can you all believe that? My trip to France is just two months to go. I am terribly panicked now. Why? Most of my friends or students kept discouraging me from visiting there, for there're great numbers of murder cases on the increase and that gang of pickpockets, Gypsies, some desperados will mainly target at tourists, especially visitors whose presentations tend be to Asian or Chinese. Yes, That's so me here. And aside from regular steps of scheming my trip itineraries, I was totally absorbed (or nearly way too paranoid about the details regarding the promenaded stroll along the streets of Paris as well as some biking trailers to some quaint shops where locals can greet your with warm smiles holding their paper bags loaded with fresh dairy products, baguettes in an elegant black dress. Couples of days ago, there're news released via some mainstream media that some Chinese tourists were confronted by some passengers from Czech starting the fight, seemingly provoking them off the train. Those European passengers shoved them on the platform. This deliberate attempt triggered the physical confrontations and unavoidable verbal arguments. They are way too aggressive and hostile anyone could sense it en route to or back from work that day. What's worse, those victims were dragged by the collars while the train was slowly moving away from the train station. That's totally appalling when I learned of the news in Taiwan when it was aired on TV. I could feel the acid liquid surge from my stomach and burn my throat out of great panic. That's really insane when it happened no matter which country this incident might have arisen. I am the person who holds zero tolerance of violence or any irrational behaviors in public.(Sometimes it's alright to scream or sing at the top of you lung when taking a nice shower in your bathroom. And it's another story when you are in possession of arms used to hurt people or cause the great panic when crowds are converged.) Monthly Anecdotes: Find It Hard to Keep Your Composure with Friends (The routine gathering turned out to be an upset experience.)It's the day right after my Sunday class when the night was still young. Some of my students were supposed to go for a spin in the suburbs and dig in those local delicacies in the nearby night market as one of them proposed one day before. Unexpectedly, they bailed on me by saying that some might feel like staying home rather than hanging out in crowds. And there came an inexcusable excuse that it could have rained that night. Initially, I was trying to shrug off the spoiled plan that truly upset me for ruining the beautiful evening with my students like friends to me. But it's hard to disguise my sorrow and pretend there's nothing going on there. But it really earned my moment of eye rolling over such lame excuse so as to cancel the date and put their businesses over us, or before me taking them way too seriously. That didn't change much between our friendship but I couldn't help it to whine about all I have done to them, asking some favors back this time to make me less miserable. (Shift Your perspectives when things didn't go as planned)When informed of the last-minute schedule change, I decided to hop on my shuttle bus back to H.S.R. near my place and part of me thought about watching a film in the downtown alone as one of my favorite entertainments as well as a nice choice of killing time and having fun. While picturing everything I was about to do on my way to the bus station, I was planning to march around the bookstore to see if there's some nice inviting reading I could have caught up with or simply to grab a book on the shelf helping myself feel better for absorbing great knowledge, taking pleasure in some classic quotes for some successful entrepreneurs, life survivor, or inspirational stories striking a chord in you from deep within. Those encounters should have been intriguing and urging you to think about the life further in a profound way. Perhaps bearing in mind all the details written on the books seemed unlikely in most cases, I still held firm belief we would learn something extraordinary lighting up your way in darkness when you felt so vulnerable to reality. I am not here to promote or endorse any books ever in my reading lists but appreciate some thoughts, words from the writers reminding me that I am not alone in such despair. (The sense of loneliness tend to catch you off guard, especially in the late evening alone in the bed)Many of my friends are really capable of dealing with difficult customers and the lucrative investments full of variables and uncertainty; however, they have had a hard time addressing the sense of loneliness like the blaze engulfing the establishment at. the snap of the fingers. If you don't feel supported or loved, you are never alone. "MY friends ignored my expressed need for affection and walked away from me with others, the total strangers to me. It's just so terribly pathetic if I go groceries shopping at the mall with the shopping cart tilted on the squeaky worn-out wheels, aimlessly pushing it to every aisle alone exactly like an elder man desperately seeking assistance for only getting a bar of soap from the shelf; nightmare has shared something with it in terms of literal definition in the paper dictionary. Dear, you are still loved by many around you have always cherished and recognized by those good work. But somehow your sense of achievement hasn't been validated , tears rolling down your cheeks not having been understood , and those indifferent looks you showed people in the office today not fully well-interpreted to the extent people came to your desk with warm smiles and a pat on the shoulder. But remember we all have our rough days and we are so inclined to put our needy feelings before what others need as well(most of the time), hope the idea ever came across your mind :No one owes you anything , and you should be nicer to other because that's who you are. Treat all living creatures with kindness and forgiveness. (The Strong feelings of being cast away from the crowds even in the hustle of people steps around)Tonight, a couple of sentences suddenly surfaced in my mind: The loneliest moment is whenever there's no one on your phone contact you feel the urge to say Hello to; the greatest joy is to spot a person expecting and instantly hugging you right after you pass the gate of the train station to the concourse. That's the very moment you feel valued and needed. That's one of the ways of validating your relationships with others. Physical intimacy should be meticulously maintained from time to time. Turn the negative voice into the affirmative commitment to the future, and we should be respectful and responsible for our conducts in order to eliminate unnecessary misunderstandings and avoid stereotypes getting in the way of getting to know a new friend better. Yes, I am so aware that I should count my own blessing and stop whining about those low tides most people might have encountered but sometimes you just cannot compare yourself with those refugees fleeing their hometowns or those dying people in African or impoverished countries awaiting some charitable provisions and resource supply. We'll have to deal with some individual issues at hand. Why did loneliness come to me and always appear out of nowhere, especially midnight before bedtime (What? Hold Your Horse and please save all the dramas to yourself, please!) People get really cynical about things if their lives get tougher. To me, it's not commonplace to see a person keep his composure all the time even though it's a sweet life for him. Recently, I did perceive some unusual ambiance simmering in my life. It's not exactly about what really defeated me regarding some unfair demands from my parents, like returning home as early as possible for some horrible leftovers cooked by my sister-in-law (believe it or not, it's a total disaster when it comes to her culinary arts. Sorry, I shouldn't have insulted the term" Culinary Arts" or associate it with her cooking skills more like a child playing in the sandpits getting herself some muddy faces), or negative responses from my rebellious students threatening to ask a refund from my teaching programs if I didn't save them the seats at the front row of the classroom. Doesn't it sound insane to you? Alright, it's the student affairs going on outside my classroom. Why should I bother talking about it. It's because I often get invited to their parties or attempt to initiate some for us on weekday evenings for pleasant talks or blabbering about every single thing in life based on our observations. One guy, named Vic, has been the designated driver whenever and wherever we go, for which he has my heartfelt gratitude. He never tried to complain or ask for some charge for riding his car, or suggesting that we take cabs for the venue where we would dine out often together. He's a hilarious person and always glues his eyes on the variety shows after school. That could be a double-edged sword. Yes, the only thing he can mention repeatedly is all about the contents from the shows he's learned and somewhat the point his confidence has built up when the rest of us laughed over his brain-dead jokes. There's a girl, Dorisa, who aimed at being a flight attendant; however, after several times of failures, she decided to face the music and get down-to-earth for making real money in the first place before pursuing her dream in the sky. (Th Tuning Points in her life: Persistence is the only quality leading one to success. The pursuit of your dream requires persistence and temedous passion before you achieve something in the long run.)Surprisingly, she got the offer in some chain store restaurant which paid her quite well. Yes, given that her gorgeous presentations, many male students felt intrigued by her and felt like getting to know her, including Vic. He ever invited her to watch the night scenery near his place on the top of the hill without even sharing what's going on with us. Hey, we are more than teacher-student relationship but friends, okay? And we can bless them for some nice future and even attend their wedding ceremony. The truth that hurts most of us as his friends(or at least we consider ourselves really genuine to him) detached him from us and he is no longer welcome to our gatherings and what upset me was he's been dating all the female students in my classroom. I confronted him with these unnerving issues. What I've got from him was " It doesn't harm anyone's feelings and I do enjoy and feel entitled to all forms of friendships" Ouch, was he insinuating that we could possibly manipulate or intervene any dates he's looking forward to in private? Right, perhaps the gene of paparazzi is always in our blood but in this case, we sense that he has been simply hanging out with us and has never taken us seriously in the past months. Hello? It's not a shame or some criminal acts that you expect the whole world to stay away from but something sweet going on there. So back to where I just started, that bizarre atmosphere began going on among students. I would never feel comfortable learning of any news regarding some love affairs from students or I might be in some unsolicited hot water which I have a handful of thorny issues caught in my own drama.
After weeks of drifting apart with some people, I did realize that it could be the condescending sense to drive me to do all these unnecessary isolation from them. Do they really take our friendship seriously enough that I could be more committed to maintaining it. Okay, I am not talking about running a business with some partners or cherishing my romance with someone in a grinding period. It's more about " I VALUE ALL RELATIONSHIPS IN LIFE" I don't really thing I've gone overboard in those abovementioned cases. Perhaps people tend to get hurt when they take things too seriously. Let bygones be bygones, you can just walk away from people you might treat with great affection and time investment. That's too juvenile and cool. Take a look at horoscope forecast, you can totally grasp a clear picture how people process those trifles in life. And it's better to adopt moderate measures to handle all people issues. They are pretzel-rooted issues from the cradle to the grave. You cannot just run away from them. You have to pretend holding a sword slaying the problems like the fire-breathing dragon marching toward you. The problem will get smaller when you face it. That sounds really constructive and reasonable but very few people could put it into practice. Here comes my personal advice for you all as references. -
Comfort Food
English Article I am a firm believer that everyone has a "comfort food." However, what does that term "comfort food" mean? "Comfort food" is not just your favorite dish! "Comfort food" is the dish you order when you are sad or you feel the need for a little extra comfort. I will give you an example: in the United States, a very common "comfort food" is macaroni and cheese. This is also my own "comfort food!" That said, on Kinmen, we do not really have the opportunity to eat lots of macaroni and cheese, so I, as well as the other Fulbright teachers, have had to discover new "comfort foods." This article focuses on my friend Cody and my discovery of our own Kinmenese "comfort foods." I have always known that I love to eat beef noodles, but when I came to Kinmen, beef noodles became even more special to me. For one, although I know that beef noodles are Taiwanese, there is an aspect of familiarity to them. My Chinese level is fairly decent, but sometimes I do not feel like ordering complicated or unfamiliar dishes in a restaurant. At these times, I always return to the simpler, homey beef noodle. Second,although this supposedly "simple" dish only has a few ingredients, it has many different types and all of those types are delicious! Beef noodles are truly a year-round food. In the summer heat, I do not want to drink soup, so I tend to order ganmian. Now that the weather is beginning to get colder, I am ordering more and more beef noodles with soup. Of course, the most important thing for me is how beef noodles make me feel. No matter which restaurant I choose, I always know that from ordering to eating the noodles, I will have a relaxing, good experience. Whenever I have had a long day at work, I know that I will meet success when ordering a bowl of beef noodle soup. Furthermore, one of the most satisfactory things in life is a stomach full of warm, delicious noodles. For Fulbright teachers and other foreigners on Kinmen, finding a "comfort food" is of utmost importance because this food allows us to better connect to Kinmen's local culture. It also allows us to find welcome and warm feelings in this new and sometimes foreign place. Every person has a different choice of "comfort food," and my own "comfort food" is very different than that of my friends. Author/Translator: Cody Bijeaux I am an American who has come here to teach English. Spending two years in Asia with long stays in both mainland China and Taiwan, many would say that my choice of "comfort food" differs from other foreigners. I happily agree. Never a day goes by when I do not try to find a delicious restaurant or hot pot. These types of food comfort me. These "comfort foods" help me remember my time in Asia while in college - a period that I still fondly remember. The first time I arrived in Kinmen, I was surprised. I have been to Asia many times, but never before have I been to such a quiet and peaceful place. When I walk the streets of Kinmen, I always see many restaurants around me, and find more and more restaurants that I have never tried. Do not get me wrong, I really enjoy Western cuisine. However, to find comfort I prefer to sit down with a bowl of beef fried rice. Why? On my first day in Taiwan when I was in college, I went out and found a small restaurant to enjoy my first meal. Their cuisine was especially delicious, particularly their beef fried rice. That memory of eating in that small restaurant is etched in my heart. I brought this memory with me to Kinmen, where I spent a great deal of time looking for restaurants that matched my tastes. Fortunately, Jincheng is not short of delicious cuisine. Whenever I feel uneasy or stressed, I go out and eat my favorite beef fried rice to find solace. I do not think I could ever forget all the help and comfort these small meals have given me. This is my first time facing life by myself. I am working hard to learn how to stand on my own two legs. There is still a lot I do not understand and making mistakes is a common occurrence for me. However, whenever I find life's troubles to be unbearable, I am glad that I can escape to my favorite beef fried rice restaurant to find ease and comfort. I hope that I can put more Kinmen cuisine in my heart.
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療癒食物
中文的文章 我堅信每個人都有「療癒食物」。那麼「療癒食物」到底有什麼意思?「療癒食物」並不只是你最喜歡的菜。這道食物是在你難過以及需要安慰的時候,可以讓你覺得比較好的食物。舉例來說:在美國,最普遍的「療癒食物」是乾酪通心麵。這也是我自己的「療癒食物」。可是,在金門,我們沒有機會吃那麼多乾酪通心麵,所以我們得找一個新的「療癒食物」。這篇文章即是在討論我們在金門的「療癒食物」。 我一直以來都知道我非常喜歡吃牛肉麵,可是到金門的時候,牛肉麵變得更特別了。第一,雖然牛肉麵是中式料理,而我以前知道有這道料理。我的中文程度還好,可是有時候我不想點很複雜或是新推出的菜。在這些時候,我總是依靠簡單又熟悉的牛肉麵 。第二,雖然牛肉麵只有使用簡單的食材烹煮,但是卻有很多不一樣的烹調風勢,從乾麵到牛肉湯麵,這些都非常美味!牛肉麵真的是一道四季皆宜的料理。夏天的時候,天氣炎熱,我不想要喝湯,所以我會點乾麵。而現在天氣越來越冷,我會開始點牛肉湯麵來吃。 當然囉,對我來說最重要的是這種食物讓我有什麼樣的感覺。現在,無論我在哪家餐廳,我都覺得從點餐到吃完,我都感到輕鬆自在。即使是在疲憊工作一整天後,我總是可以成功地點好牛肉麵。除此之外,生活中最令人滿意的事情就是肚子裡充滿好吃又溫暖的食物的感覺。對每一個傅爾布萊特老師來說,找到自己的「療癒食物」是極為重要的,因為透過「療癒食物」讓我們可以連接到金門當地的文化。此外,這也讓我們可以在一個新的地方探索人情的溫暖。我介紹我自己的「療癒食物」,因為每一個人都會有不同的食物和不同的經驗來尋找安慰。我的「療癒食物」跟我別的朋友有很大的不同。所以,現在我的朋友,畢杰,要來告訴你們他自己的「療癒食物」。 作者:畢杰 我是來自美國的英語老師,有在亞洲住了兩年,所以我用來尋求慰藉的食物跟其他外國人不一樣。每天不斷尋找好吃的火鍋或者餐廳,吃這個料理帶給我安慰的感覺。讓我回想在中國讀書的時候,有不少美好的回憶。 第一次來金門我就被搞糊塗了,曾經來過亞洲(台灣以及大陸),但是從沒到過那麼幽靜的地方。有時在路上逛街看到不少新的餐廳,到現在我還會有沒嘗試過的餐廳。雖然我喜歡西餐,但是一般會點牛肉炒飯來尋求慰藉。為什麼是牛肉炒飯呢?因為在台灣的第一天我去了一家餐廳,裡面的食物非常好吃,尤其他們的牛肉炒飯,我至今仍然銘記在心。一到金門,我就直接去尋找符合自己口味的餐廳,好在金城有許多美味的食物。在我心裡感到不安時,我就會在餐廳尋求慰藉,這些餐廳就像我的家,我永遠不會忘記他們給予我的安慰。 這是我第一次在外面獨立生活,正在適應靠自己生活,還有很多我不太了解的事情,偶爾會出錯,當我受不了生活中碰到的困難時,我就能去最喜歡的餐廳來得到安慰。我希望有更多的機會來把其他金門菜記在我心上。